1. Aquatic invertebrate communities inhabiting intermittent rivers that are characterised by recurrent drying events (flow cessation or complete disappearance of surface water) often show rapid recovery upon flow resumption. Such rapid recovery is possible thanks to specific resistance and resilience traits that species adapted to river drying often exhibit. However, differences in community response to drying can be expected between historically drying (HD) networks—those IRs with a long history of flow intermittence—and recently drying (RD) networks, where drying is a novel, often human‐induced, phenomenon. The invertebrate species found in RD networks may lack the adaptations that are known to facilitate quick community recovery upon rewetting and could thus be dramatically affected by drying. Unfortunately, the responses of aquatic communities in RD networks are still poorly explored, limiting our capacity to predict and mitigate future biodiversity changes.
2. Here, we compared the responses of aquatic invertebrate communities to drying in nine pairs of intermittent and perennial river reaches from HD networks across France and nine pairs from RD networks across the Czech Republic. Using both taxonomic and functional perspectives, differences in α‐ and β‐diversity patterns between perennial and intermittent sites were evaluated separately for HD and RD groups, and before and after drying over several years.
3. Drying had stronger effects on taxonomic richness in RD compared to HD networks. In addition, drying greatly altered spatial and temporal β‐diversity in RD networks, but it marginally affected β‐diversity in HD networks. Communities of HD networks showed a higher proportion of resistant taxa than RD networks.
4. These results suggest that recent drying can have, at least on a short time scale (i.e. years), stronger effects on aquatic communities in RD networks compared to those in HD networks.
5. Because drying duration, frequency, and spatial extent are increasing with climate change, RD networks could soon reach tipping points, calling for long‐term monitoring of biodiversity in these novel ecosystems.

中文翻译：

---

新出现的断断续续的河流中的干旱导致无脊椎动物群落的变异性更高

1. 栖息在断续河中的水生无脊椎动物群落，其特征是反复发生干旱事件（断流或地表水完全消失），通常在恢复断流后迅速恢复。由于适应河流干燥的物种通常表现出特定的抗性和复原力特性，因此可以实现如此快速的恢复。但是，在历史上干燥的（HD）网络（具有较长的流动间歇历史的IR）与最近干燥（RD）的网络之间，在干燥反应是一种新的现象（通常是人为引起的现象）之间，可以期望社区对干燥的反应有所不同。在RD网络中发现的无脊椎动物物种可能缺乏适应性，而适应性在重新润湿后却能促进群落快速恢复，因此可能会受到干燥的极大影响。很遗憾，
2. 在这里，我们比较了来自法国全高清网络和九对来自捷克共和国RD网络的九对间歇性和多年生河川河流中水生无脊椎动物群落对干旱的响应。使用分类学和功能学的观点，分别对HD和RD组以及干燥前后数年的多年生和间断部位之间的α和β多样性模式进行了评估。
3. 与高清网络相比，干燥对RD中的分类丰富性具有更强的影响。此外，干燥极大地改变了RD网络中的空间和时间β多样性，但对HD网络中的β多样性影响很小。HD网络社区显示出比RD网络更高的抗性分类单元。
4. 这些结果表明，与高清网络相比，最近的干旱至少在较短的时间范围内（即数年）会对RD网络中的水生生物造成更大的影响。
5. 由于干旱持续时间，频率和空间范围随着气候变化而增加，因此RD网络可能很快达到临界点，因此需要对这些新型生态系统中的生物多样性进行长期监测。