Zinc is an essential element with an important role in stimulating the osteogenesis and mineralization and suppressing osteoclast differentiation. In this study, new bioactive ZnCl₂-doped sol-gel materials were designed to be applied as coatings onto titanium. The biomaterials were physicochemically characterized and the cellular responses evaluated in vitro using MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts and RAW264.7 macrophages. The effect of Zn on the adsorption of human serum proteins onto the material surface was evaluated through nLC-MS/MS. The incorporation of Zn did not affect the crosslinking of the sol-gel network. A controlled Zn²⁺ release was obtained, reaching values below 10 ppm after 21 days. The materials were no cytotoxic and lead to increased gene expression of ALP, TGF-β, and RUNX2 in the osteoblasts. In macrophages, an increase of IL-1β, TGF-β, and IL-4 gene expression was accompanied by a reduced TNF-α liberation. Proteomic results showed changes in the adsorption patterns of proteins associated with immunological, coagulative, and regenerative functions, in a Zn dose-dependent manner. The variations in protein adsorption might lead to the downregulation of the NF-κB pathway, thus explain the observed biological effects of Zn incorporation into biomaterials. Overall, these coatings demonstrated their potential to promote bone tissue regeneration.

锌是必不可少的元素，在刺激成骨和矿化和抑制破骨细胞分化中起着重要作用。在这项研究中，设计了新型的生物活性掺杂ZnCl _2的溶胶-凝胶材料，以作为钛涂层。对生物材料进行了物理化学表征，并使用MC3T3-E1成骨细胞和RAW264.7巨噬细胞在体外评估了细胞反应。通过nLC-MS / MS评估了Zn对人血清蛋白吸附在材料表面的影响。Zn的掺入不影响溶胶-凝胶网络的交联。受控的Zn ²⁺获得释放，在21天后达到低于10 ppm的值。该材料无细胞毒性，不会导致成骨细胞中ALP，TGF-β和RUNX2的基因表达增加。在巨噬细胞中，IL-1β，TGF-β和IL-4基因表达的增加伴随着TNF-α释放的减少。蛋白质组学结果显示，与锌的剂量依赖性相关的免疫，凝血和再生功能相关蛋白质的吸附模式发生了变化。蛋白质吸附的变化可能导致NF-κB通路的下调，因此可以解释观察到的Zn掺入生物材料的生物学效应。总体而言，这些涂层显示出其促进骨组织再生的潜力。