Low-velocity impact responses of typical hollow brittle particles (HBPs) were tested with a strain-limited loading technique to investigate the particle breakage characteristics at both macro and particle levels. The quasi-static compressions were also conducted for comparison. Effects of strain rate and particle size distribution on the stress-strain response, particle breakage and macro deformation behaviors were discussed. Results show that the strength, plateau stress and energy dissipation of hollow brittle particles all exhibited significant strain rate sensitivity. The particle size gradations after single-impact compression were obtained through the laser diffraction technique. Quantitative analysis on the fragmentations and the Hardin relative breakage shown that the dynamic breakage ratio and the breakage extent of the hollow particles at the same strain were larger than that under quasi-static compressions. Moreover, it was found that the Hardin relative breakage generated by specific energy dissipation decreased with the strain rate. The reduction of fracture energy dissipation efficiency and the rate-dependent breakage response of particle breakage are the intrinsic reasons for bulk-scale strain rate effects of HBPs. Finally, the macro deformation behaviors of hollow brittle particles were analyzed through digital image correlation (DIC) technique. It was observed that there exists a competition mechanism between the boundary effect and the inertial effect in dominating the compression patterns. The deformation mechanism was sensitive to the loading velocity.

使用应变限制加载技术测试了典型中空脆性颗粒（HBP）的低速冲击响应，以研究宏观和颗粒水平的颗粒破碎特性。还进行了准静态压缩以进行比较。讨论了应变速率和粒度分布对应力-应变响应，颗粒破碎和宏观变形行为的影响。结果表明，中空脆性颗粒的强度，平台应力和能量耗散均表现出显着的应变速率敏感性。通过激光衍射技术获得单次冲击压缩后的粒度等级。对碎片和哈丁相对断裂的定量分析表明，相同应变下空心颗粒的动态断裂比和断裂程度大于准静态压缩下的动态断裂比和断裂程度。此外，发现由比能量耗散产生的哈丁相对破坏随应变率降低。压裂能量耗散效率的降低和颗粒破碎的速率相关的破碎响应是HBP整体应变速率效应的内在原因。最后，通过数字图像相关技术分析了中空脆性颗粒的宏观变形行为。观察到在控制压缩模式中边界效应和惯性效应之间存在竞争机制。