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Successful neighbour: Interactions of the generalist carnivore red fox with dogs, wolves and humans for continued survival in dynamic anthropogenic landscapes
Global Ecology and Conservation ( IF 4 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-30 , DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01446
Hussain S. Reshamwala , Neeraj Mahar , Rodolfo Dirzo , Bilal Habib

Dens are crucial for the survival of all canids; however, for meso-carnivores such as Southeast Asian red foxes, denning is of greater importance as they utilize dens throughout the year for protection, resting and breeding. Red fox is known for its adaptability to dynamic anthropogenic changes and is the most widespread and successful wild terrestrial carnivore. With an ever-growing human population, choice of space for wild animals is limited and such adaptability is important for species survival. Food resource availability also plays an important role in choosing den sites. In this study we examined den site selection, den characteristics, seasonal diet variation of red fox and their diet-niche overlap with dog and wolf. Intensive surveys in search of fox dens were conducted across two study sites Chiktan and Changthang, India. Fox dens were found on mountain slopes where human disturbances were minimal. They also chose den sites closer to human settlements, water and road as compared to random points, which are risky and may expose pups to humans, but provide the advantage of procuring anthropogenic food subsidies. In Changthang, foxes preferred to den at a greater distance from human settlements as compared to Chiktan. The foxes of Chiktan showed a large diet overlap with dogs. While humans and wolves may act as facilitators providing additional food to red fox, dogs were the major competitors. The present research is of broad significance, given the increasing presence of human settlements within original animal ranges, even in remote harsh environments like the Trans-Himalaya.



中文翻译:

成功的邻居:通才食肉动物赤狐与狗,狼和人的互动,以便在动态人为景观中持续生存

巢穴对于所有犬科动物的生存至关重要。但是,对于中食肉食动物,例如东南亚的红狐狸,定植更为重要,因为它们整年都在利用定植进行保护,休息和繁殖。赤狐以其对动态人为变化的适应性而闻名,是最广泛和最成功的野生陆生食肉动物。随着人口的不断增长,野生动物的空间选择受到限制,这种适应性对于物种的生存很重要。粮食资源的可用性在选择巢穴中也起着重要作用。在这项研究中,我们研究了红狐的窝点选择,窝点特征,季节性饮食变化及其与狗和狼的饮食生态位重叠。在印度的奇丹和长塘的两个研究地点进行了深入的调查,以寻找狐狸窝。在人类干扰最小的山坡上发现了狐狸窝。与随机地点相比,他们还选择了更靠近人类住区,水和道路的窝点,这是危险的,可能使幼犬暴露于人类,但具有获得人为食品补贴的优势。在长塘,与积丹相比,狐狸更喜欢在距离人类住区更远的地方栖息。积丹的狐狸与狗的饮食重叠很大。虽然人类和狼可以充当促进者为赤狐提供额外食物的角色,但狗是主要竞争者。鉴于人类住区在原始动物范围内的存在量不断增加,即使在偏远的恶劣环境(如喜马拉雅山)中,本研究也具有广泛意义。他们还选择了与随机点相比更靠近人类住区,水和道路的窝点,这是危险的,可能使幼犬暴露于人类,但具有获得人为食品补贴的优势。在长塘,与积丹相比,狐狸更喜欢在距离人类住区更远的地方栖息。积丹的狐狸与狗的饮食重叠很大。虽然人类和狼可以充当促进者为赤狐提供额外食物的角色,但狗是主要竞争者。鉴于人类住区在原始动物范围内的存在量不断增加,即使在偏远的恶劣环境(如喜马拉雅山)中,本研究也具有广泛意义。与随机地点相比,他们还选择了更靠近人类住区,水和道路的窝点,这是危险的,可能使幼犬暴露于人类,但具有获得人为食品补贴的优势。在长塘,与积丹相比,狐狸更喜欢在距离人类住区更远的地方栖息。积丹的狐狸与狗的饮食重叠很大。虽然人类和狼可以充当促进者为赤狐提供额外食物的角色,但狗是主要竞争者。鉴于人类住区在原始动物范围内的存在量不断增加,即使在偏远的恶劣环境(如喜马拉雅山)中,本研究也具有广泛意义。但具有获得人为食品补贴的优势。在长塘,与积丹相比,狐狸更喜欢在距离人类住区更远的地方栖息。积丹的狐狸与狗的饮食重叠很大。虽然人类和狼可以充当促进者为赤狐提供额外食物的角色,但狗是主要竞争者。鉴于人类住区在原始动物范围内的存在量不断增加,即使在偏远的恶劣环境(如喜马拉雅山)中,本研究也具有广泛意义。但具有获得人为食品补贴的优势。在长塘,与积丹相比,狐狸更喜欢在距离人类住区更远的地方栖息。积丹的狐狸与狗的饮食重叠很大。虽然人类和狼可以充当促进者为赤狐提供额外食物的角色,但狗是主要竞争者。鉴于人类住区在原始动物范围内的存在量不断增加,即使在偏远的恶劣环境(如喜马拉雅山)中,本研究也具有广泛意义。

更新日期:2021-01-10
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