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Effect of hay type on cecal and fecal microbiome and fermentation parameters in horses
Journal of Animal Science ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-29 , DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa407
Rachel J Sorensen 1 , James S Drouillard 1 , Teresa L Douthit 1 , Qinghong Ran 2 , Douglas G Marthaler 2 , Qing Kang 3 , Christopher I Vahl 3 , James M Lattimer 1
Affiliation  

The effect of hay type on the microbiome of the equine gastrointestinal tract is relatively unexplored. Our objective was to characterize the cecal and fecal microbiome of mature horses consuming alfalfa or Smooth Bromegrass (brome) hay. Six cecally cannulated horses were used in a split-plot design run as a crossover in two periods. The whole plot treatment was ad libitum access to brome or alfalfa hay fed over two 21-d acclimation periods with subplots of sampling location (cecum and rectum) and sampling hour. Each acclimation period was followed by a 24-h collection period where cecal and fecal samples were collected every 3 h for analysis of pH and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Fecal and cecal samples were pooled and sent to a commercial lab (MR DNA, Shallowater, TX) for the amplification of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and sequenced using Illumina HiSeq. The main effects of hay on VFA, pH, and taxonomic abundances were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4 with fixed effects of hay, hour, location, period, and all possible interactions and random effect of horse. Alpha and beta diversities were analyzed using the R Dame package. Horses fed alfalfa had greater fecal than cecal pH (P ≤ 0.05), whereas horses fed brome had greater cecal than fecal pH (P ≤ 0.05). Regardless of hay type, total VFA concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in the cecum than in feces, and alfalfa resulted in greater (P ≤ 0.05) VFA concentrations than brome in both sampling locations. Alpha diversity was greater (P ≤ 0.05) in fecal compared with cecal samples. Microbial community structure within each sampling location and hay type differed from one another (P ≤ 0.05). Bacteroidetes were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in the cecum compared with the rectum, regardless of hay type. Firmicutes and Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in the feces compared with cecal samples of alfalfa-fed horses. In all, fermentation parameters and bacterial abundances were impacted by hay type and sampling location in the hindgut.

中文翻译:

干草类型对马盲肠和粪便微生物组及发酵参数的影响

干草类型对马胃肠道微生物群的影响相对尚未探索。我们的目标是表征食用苜蓿或平滑雀麦( brome ) 干草的成年马的盲肠和粪便微生物组。六匹盲肠插管马用于分裂区设计运行,作为两个时期的交叉。整个小区的处理是随意获取在两个 21 天的适应期中饲喂的雀麦或苜蓿干草,以及采样位置(盲肠和直肠)和采样时间的子小区。每个适应期之后是 24 小时的收集期,其中每 3 小时收集一次盲肠和粪便样本,用于分析 pH 值和挥发性脂肪酸 ( VFA))。粪便和盲肠样本被合并并送到商业实验室(MR DNA,Shallowater,TX)用于扩增 16S rRNA 基因的 V4 区域,并使用 Illumina HiSeq 进行测序。使用 SAS 9.4 的 MIXED 程序分析干草对 VFA、pH 和分类丰度的主要影响,其中干草、时间、地点、时期以及马的所有可能的相互作用和随机效应的固定效应。使用 R Dame 包分析 Alpha 和 Beta 多样性。饲喂苜蓿的马的粪便 pH 值高于盲肠 pH ( P ≤ 0.05),而饲喂雀麦的马的盲肠 pH 值高于粪便 pH ( P ≤ 0.05)。无论干草类型如何,盲肠中的VFA 总浓度高于粪便中(P ≤ 0.05),而苜蓿导致更高(P≤ 0.05) VFA 浓度在两个采样位置都比雀麦高。与盲肠样本相比,粪便中的Alpha 多样性更大(P ≤ 0.05)。每个采样点内的微生物群落结构和干草类型各不相同(P ≤ 0.05)。无论干草类型如何,盲肠中的拟杆菌比直肠中的拟杆菌数量更多(P ≤ 0.05)。厚壁菌和厚壁菌:与苜蓿喂养的马的盲肠样本相比,粪便中的拟杆菌更多 ( P ≤ 0.05)。总之,发酵参数和细菌丰度受干草类型和后肠采样位置的影响。
更新日期:2021-01-29
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