Although extensive research is being done to combat SARS-CoV-2, we are yet far away from a robust conclusion or strategy. With an increased amount of vaccine research, nanotechnology has found its way into vaccine technology. Researchers have explored the use of various nanostructures for delivering the vaccines for enhanced efficacy. Apart from acting as delivery platforms, multiple studies have shown the application of inorganic nanoparticles in suppressing the growth as well as transmission of the virus. The present review gives a detailed description of various inorganic nanomaterials which are being explored for combating SARS-CoV-2 along with their role in suppressing the transmission of the virus either through air or by contact with inanimate surfaces. The review further discusses the use of nanoparticles for development of an antiviral coating that may decrease adhesion of SARS-CoV-2. A separate section has been included describing the role of nanostructures in biosensing and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. The role of nanotechnology in providing an alternative therapeutic platform along with the role of radionuclides in SARS-CoV-2 has been described briefly. Based on ongoing research and commercialization of this nanoplatform for a viral disease, the nanomaterials show the potential in therapy, biosensing, and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2.

中文翻译：

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用于对抗 SARS-CoV-2 的架构治疗和诊断纳米平台：无机、有机和放射性材料的作用

尽管针对 SARS-CoV-2 的研究正在进行广泛，但我们距离得出强有力的结论或策略还很遥远。随着疫苗研究量的增加，纳米技术已经进入疫苗技术领域。研究人员探索了使用各种纳米结构来提供疫苗以增强功效。除了充当递送平台之外，多项研究还表明无机纳米粒子在抑制病毒的生长和传播方面的应用。本综述详细描述了正在探索用于对抗 SARS-CoV-2 的各种无机纳米材料，以及它们在抑制病毒通过空气或与无生命表面接触传播方面的作用。该综述进一步讨论了使用纳米颗粒开发抗病毒涂层，该涂层可能会减少 SARS-CoV-2 的粘附。其中有一个单独的部分描述了纳米结构在 SARS-CoV-2 生物传感和诊断中的作用。纳米技术在提供替代治疗平台方面的作用以及放射性核素在 SARS-CoV-2 中的作用已被简要描述。基于该病毒性疾病纳米平台的持续研究和商业化，纳米材料显示了 SARS-CoV-2 治疗、生物传感和诊断的潜力。