The assessment of tying and bundling practices under Art. 102 TFEU in the case of online platforms will require adjusting current practice to correspond to their technical complexity and multi sided nature. Although the current framework may appear suitable to deal with this kind of abuses, The recent cases against Google show that there is still much uncertainty in practice. Therefore this article seeks to address the matter of tying and bundling by online platforms and provide guidance with regard to the application of the current legal framework to such complex cases in order to prevent false finding in ongoing and future cases.

This article shows that finding an abuse of dominance in platform related cases requires great diligence as the joint provision of products or services and market power leveraging by platforms is an inherent part of their commercial evolvement. In this regard the article offers insight on how to distinguish between anticompetitive tying and bundling practices and legitimate expansion strategies. In order to do so, the article discusses how such practices can manifest and how they should be addressed under the framework of EU competition law in light of the similar competitive concerns they share with non-platform cases.

根据《公约》对捆绑和捆绑行为的评估。102对于在线平台，TFEU将需要调整当前实践，以适应其技术复杂性和多面性。尽管当前的框架似乎适合处理此类滥用行为，但针对Google的最新案例表明，实践中仍然存在很多不确定性。因此，本文旨在解决在线平台的捆绑和捆绑问题，并就将当前法律框架应用于此类复杂案件提供指导，以防止在进行中的案件和将来的案件中进行错误的查找。

本文表明，在平台相关案例中发现滥用支配地位需要付出极大的努力，因为通过平台联合提供产品或服务以及市场支配力是其商业发展的固有部分。在这方面，本文提供了有关如何区分反竞争性捆绑销售和捆绑销售以及合法扩展策略的见识。为了做到这一点，本文讨论了这种做法如何表现出来，以及鉴于它们与非平台案例共同面临的类似竞争问题，应如何在欧盟竞争法框架下加以解决。