In this study, the growth of Escherichia coli was monitored using a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) near-field sensor array. Each of the 1488 integrated elements, arranged in a 3 mm square, has a resonator that oscillates at 65 GHz. The effective capacitance of the resonator is altered by changes in the dielectric properties of the sensor surface, which shifts the resonance frequency. Growth curves of E. coli at different initial concentrations (OD₆₀₀ = 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05) were monitored. A suspension with initial turbidity of OD₆₀₀ = 0.05 was cultured in a medium, and the sensor successfully distinguished between viable E. coli and heat-treated dead E. coli in 20 min. Moreover, the apparent suppression of growth was observed in the presence of 500 μg/mL streptomycin. As the sensor is composed of arrayed elements, and the area of sensitivity distribution of the element is larger than the size of one bacteria, the variation in the output value of each element may reflect the number and movement of bacteria. This study revealed that the presence of viable E. coli could be rapidly confirmed by using the change in permittivity caused by the displacement of media by E. coli near the sensor surface.

在这项研究中，使用互补金属氧化物半导体（CMOS）近场传感器阵列监测了大肠杆菌的生长。1488个集成元件中的每一个都以3 mm的正方形排列，并具有一个以65 GHz频率振荡的谐振器。谐振器的有效电容通过传感器表面介电特性的变化而改变，从而改变谐振频率。 监测大肠杆菌在不同初始浓度（OD ₆₀₀ = 0.01、0.03和0.05）下的生长曲线。将初始浊度为OD ₆₀₀  = 0.05的悬浮液培养在培养基中，传感器成功地区分了活的大肠杆菌和经过热处理的死大肠杆菌在20分钟内 此外，在500μg/ mL链霉素的存在下观察到明显的生长抑制。由于传感器由排列的元素组成，并且元素的灵敏度分布区域大于一种细菌的大小，因此每种元素的输出值的变化可能反映细菌的数量和运动。这项研究表明，通过利用大肠杆菌在传感器表面附近置换培养基所引起的介电常数的变化，可以迅速确认活的大肠杆菌的存在。