An innovative and versatile microextraction technique based on nanoconfined solvent on carbon nanofibers has been conceived, realized, optimized, and presented here. The extraction capabilities of this technique toward polar, medium polar, and/or nonpolar substances can be easily modulated based on the nanoconfined solvent used. The so-called nanoconfined liquid phase nanoextraction showed excellent characteristics in terms of extraction recoveries, extraction time (≤1 min), reliability, and versatility. A needle-tip device has been realized on the base of this extraction process to allow direct extraction procedures and minimally invasive testing: this device guarantees a safe insertion in aqueous or soft samples, and it allows a fast and minimally invasive analyte extraction. Due to its versatility, chemical stability, and mechanical flexibility, nanoconfined liquid phase nanoextraction can be considered a powerful candidate for high-throughput analyses of biological samples.

中文翻译：

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基于碳纳米纤维的纳米受限液相纳米萃取

本文已构思，实现，优化和展示了一种基于碳纳米纤维上纳米受限溶剂的创新型多功能微萃取技术。基于所使用的纳米受限溶剂，可以轻松地调节该技术对极性，中极性和/或非极性物质的萃取能力。所谓的纳米限制液相纳米萃取在萃取回收率，萃取时间（≤1分钟），可靠性和多功能性方面均表现出优异的特性。在此提取过程的基础上实现了针尖式设备，可进行直接提取程序和微创检测：该设备可确保在含水或软样品中安全插入，并且可进行快速，微创的分析物提取。由于其多功能性，化学稳定性和机械柔韧性，