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Assessing soil erosion of forest and cropland sites in wet tropical Africa using 239+240Pu fallout radionuclides
Soil ( IF 6.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-28 , DOI: 10.5194/soil-2020-95
Florian Wilken , Peter Fiener , Michael Ketterer , Katrin Meusburger , Daniel Iragi Muhindo , Kristof van Oost , Sebastian Doetterl

Abstract. Due to the rapidly growing population in tropical Africa, a substantial rise in food demand is predicted in upcoming decades, which will result in higher pressure on soil resources. However, there is limited knowledge on soil redistribution dynamics following land conversion to arable land in tropical Africa that is partly caused by challenging local conditions for long-term landscape scale monitoring. In this study, fallout radionuclides 239+240Pu are used to assess soil redistribution along topographic gradients at two cropland sites and at three nearby pristine forest sites located in the DR Congo, Uganda and Rwanda. In the study area, a relatively high 239+240Pu baseline inventory is found (mean forest inventory 41 Bq m−2). Pristine forests show no indication for soil redistribution based on 239+240Pu along topographical gradients. In contrast, soil erosion and sedimentation on cropland reached up to 37 and 40 cm within the last 55 years, respectively. Cropland sites show high intra-slope variability with locations showing severe soil erosion located in direct proximity to sedimentation sites. This study shows the applicability of a valuable method to assess tropical soil redistribution and provides insight on soil degradation rates and patterns in one of the most vulnerable regions of the World.

中文翻译:

使用239 + 240 Pu放射性核素评估非洲湿热带非洲森林和农田的土壤侵蚀

摘要。由于非洲热带地区人口迅速增长,预计未来几十年粮食需求将大量增加,这将对土壤资源造成更大的压力。然而,在热带非洲土地转化为耕地之后,关于土壤再分配动态的知识有限,部分原因是由于对长期景观规模监测具有挑战性的当地条件。在这项研究中,使用放射性核素239 + 240 Pu来评估刚果民主共和国,乌干达和卢旺达的两个农田站点和三个附近的原始森林站点沿地形梯度的土壤再分布。在研究区域中,发现了一个相对较高的239 + 240 Pu基准库(平均森林库41 Bq m -2)。基于239 + 240 Pu沿地形梯度,原始森林没有显示土壤再分配的迹象。相反,过去55年中,农田的水土流失和沉积分别达到了37 cm和40 cm。耕地表现出高的坡度内变化性,而那些表现出严重土壤侵蚀的位置直接位于沉积位置附近。这项研究表明了一种评估热带土壤再分配的有价值方法的适用性,并提供了关于世界上最脆弱地区之一的土壤退化速率和模式的见解。
更新日期:2020-12-28
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