The SARS‐CoV‐2 virus outbreak revealed that these nano‐pathogens have the ability to rapidly change lives. Undoubtedly, SARS‐CoV‐2 as well as other viruses can cause important global impacts, affecting public health, as well as, socioeconomic development. But viruses are not only a public health concern, they are also a problem in agriculture. The current treatments are often ineffective, are prone to develop resistance, or cause considerable adverse side effects. The use of nanotechnology has played an important role to combat viral diseases. In this review three main aspects are in focus: first, the potential use of nanoparticles as carriers for drug delivery. Second, its use for treatments of some human viral diseases, and third, its application as antivirals in plants. With these three themes, the aim is to give to readers an overview of the progress in this promising area of biotechnology during the 2017–2020 period, and to provide a glance at how tangible is the effectiveness of nanotechnology against viruses. Future prospects are also discussed. It is hoped that this review can be a contribution to general knowledge for both specialized and non‐specialized readers, allowing a better knowledge of this interesting topic.

中文翻译：

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对抗人类（包括 Covid-19）和植物病毒的先进材料：纳米颗粒作为一种可行的策略

SARS-CoV-2 病毒的爆发表明这些纳米病原体有能力迅速改变生活。毫无疑问，SARS-CoV-2 以及其他病毒可以造成重要的全球影响，影响公共卫生和社会经济发展。但病毒不仅是一个公共卫生问题，也是农业问题。目前的治疗方法往往无效，容易产生耐药性，或引起相当大的不良副作用。纳米技术的使用在对抗病毒性疾病方面发挥了重要作用。本综述重点关注三个主要方面：首先，纳米颗粒作为药物输送载体的潜在用途。第二，它用于治疗一些人类病毒性疾病；第三，它作为植物抗病毒药物的应用。通过这三个主题，旨在让读者概述2017-2020年期间这一充满前景的生物技术领域的进展，并让读者了解纳米技术对抗病毒的有效性有多么切实。还讨论了未来的前景。希望这篇评论能够为专业和非专业读者提供常识性的贡献，让他们更好地了解这个有趣的话题。