Estimation of azimuth and elevation angles of both Angle of Arrival and Angle of Departure is a challenging research topic in 5G smart antenna technology. The key contributions of this work involve two novel algorithms implemented in a uniform planar array for the estimation of the arrival and departure angles using the received signal from the coherent users. One of the two algorithms reduces search complexity without any reduction in the angular resolution of the estimated angles. This is done through selection of active antennas in the uniform planar array to make it sparse without creating angle ambiguity. The second method improves the angular resolution in estimating the angles through reduction in the subspace leakage that occurs between the signal and noise subspace. Numerical simulations prove the proposed two algorithms producing a high angular resolution with reduced complexity.

中文翻译：

---

子空间泄漏减少了非均匀稀疏的类斐波那契平面阵列，以估计到达角和离开角的方位角和仰角

到达角和离开角的方位角和仰角的估计是5G智能天线技术中一个具有挑战性的研究主题。这项工作的关键贡献涉及在统一平面阵列中实现的两种新颖算法，这些算法用于使用来自相干用户的接收信号来估计到达角和离开角。两种算法之一可降低搜索复杂度，而不会降低估计角度的角分辨率。这可以通过选择均匀平面阵列中的有源天线来使其稀疏而不会造成角度模糊来完成。第二种方法是通过减少信号和噪声子空间之间发生的子空间泄漏来提高估计角度时的角度分辨率。