Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are associated with several disrupted physiological and endocrine parameters. Regarding endocrine mechanisms, laboratory studies suggest that PFAS could disrupt the thyroid hormone system and alter circulating thyroid hormone concentrations. Thyroid hormones play a ubiquitous role—controlling thermoregulation, metabolism, and reproduction. However, evidence for disruption of thyroid hormones by PFAS remains scarce in wildlife. The present study investigated the associations between concentrations of PFAS, thyroid hormones, and body condition in an arctic seabird, the black‐legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla). We collected blood from kittiwakes sampled in Svalbard, Norway (2013 and 2014). Plasma samples were analyzed for total thyroxine (TT4) and total triiodothyronine (TT3) concentrations; detected PFAS included branched and linear (lin) C₈ perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (i.e., perfluoroctane sulfonate [PFOS]) and C₉‐C₁₄ perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs). The dominant PFAS in the kittiwakes were linPFOS and C₁₁‐ and C₁₃‐PFCAs. Generally, male kittiwakes had higher concentrations of PFAS than females. We observed positive correlations between linPFOS, C₁₀‐PFCA, and TT4 in males, whereas in females C_12‐14‐PFCAs were positively correlated to TT3. Interestingly, we observed contrasted correlations between PFAS and body condition; the direction of the relationship was sex‐dependent. Although these results show relationships between PFAS and circulating thyroid hormone concentrations in kittiwakes, the study design does not allow for concluding on causal relationships related to effects of PFAS on the thyroid hormone system. Future experimental research is required to quantify this impact of PFAS on the biology of kittiwakes. The apparently different associations among PFAS and body condition for males and females are puzzling, and more research is required. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:820–831. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

中文翻译：

---

全氟和多氟烷基物质与北极海鸟的甲状腺激素呈正相关

全氟和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 与多种生理和内分泌参数紊乱有关。关于内分泌机制，实验室研究表明，PFAS 可能会扰乱甲状腺激素系统并改变循环甲状腺激素浓度。甲状腺激素发挥着无处不在的作用——控制体温调节、新陈代谢和繁殖。然而，关于 PFAS 破坏甲状腺激素的证据在野生动物中仍然很少见。本研究调查了北极海鸟黑腿猫鼬（Rissa tridactyla）。我们从在挪威斯瓦尔巴群岛（2013 年和 2014 年）采集的猫尾鹦鹉中收集了血液。分析血浆样品的总甲状腺素 (TT4) 和总三碘甲状腺原氨酸 (TT3) 浓度；检测到的 PFAS 包括支链和线性 (lin) C ₈全氟烷基磺酸盐（即全氟辛烷磺酸 [PFOS]）和 C ₉ -C ₁₄全氟烷基羧酸盐 (PFCA)。Kittiwakes 中的主要 PFAS 是 linPFOS 和 C ₁₁ - 和 C ₁₃ -PFCA。一般来说，雄性猫尾鱼的 PFAS 浓度高于雌性。我们观察到男性的linPFOS、C _10- PFCA 和 TT4之间呈正相关，而女性的 C _12-14‐PFCAs 与 TT3 呈正相关。有趣的是，我们观察到 PFAS 与身体状况之间的对比相关；关系的方向取决于性别。尽管这些结果显示了 PFAS 与 Kittiwakes 中循环甲状腺激素浓度之间的关系，但研究设计不允许就与 PFAS 对甲状腺激素系统的影响相关的因果关系得出结论。需要未来的实验研究来量化 PFAS 对 kittiwakes 生物学的这种影响。PFAS 与男性和女性身体状况之间明显不同的关联令人费解，需要更多的研究。环境毒理学化学2021；40：820–831。© 2020 作者。环境毒理学和化学 由 Wiley Periodicals LLC 代表 SETAC 出版。