Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries hold the promise of the next generation energy storage system beyond state‐of‐the‐art lithium‐ion batteries. Despite the attractive gravimetric energy density (W_G), the volumetric energy density (W_V) still remains a great challenge for the practical application, based on the primary requirement of Small and Light for Li–S batteries. This review highlights the importance of cathode density, sulfur content, electroactivity in achieving high energy densities. In the first part, key factors are analyzed in a model on negative/positive ratio, cathode design, and electrolyte/sulfur ratio, orientated toward energy densities of 700 Wh L⁻¹/500 Wh kg⁻¹. Subsequently, recent progresses on enhancing W_V for coin/pouch cells are reviewed primarily on cathode. Especially, the “Three High One Low” (THOL) (high sulfur fraction, high sulfur loading, high density host, and low electrolyte quantity) is proposed as a feasible strategy for achieving high W_V, taking high W_G into consideration simultaneously. Meanwhile, host materials with desired catalytic activity should be paid more attention for fabricating high performance cathode. In the last part, key engineering technologies on manipulating the cathode porosity/density are discussed, including calendering and dry electrode coating. Finally, a future outlook is provided for enhancing both W_V and W_G of the Li–S batteries.

中文翻译：

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提高锂硫电池体积能量密度的策略

锂硫（Li–S）电池拥有最先进的锂离子电池之外的下一代储能系统的前景。尽管引人入胜的重量能量密度（W _G），但基于Li-S电池的轻便的主要要求，体积能量密度（W _V）仍然是实际应用中的巨大挑战。这篇综述强调了阴极密度，硫含量，电活性对实现高能量密度的重要性。在第一部分中，主要针对能量密度为700 Wh L ^-1 / 500 Wh kg ^-1的负/正比，阴极设计和电解质/硫比模型分析了关键因素。。随后，主要在阴极上综述了提高硬币/袋式电池的W _V的最新进展。特别是，“三高一低”（THOL）（高硫馏分，高的硫负荷，高密度的宿主，和低电解质量）被提议为用于实现高一个可行的策略w ^ _V，服用高w ^ _{g ^}同时考虑。同时，具有期望的催化活性的主体材料在制备高性能阴极时应受到更多的关注。在最后一部分中，讨论了控制阴极孔隙率/密度的关键工程技术，包括压延和干电极涂层。最后，提供了增强W _V的未来前景和w ^ _{g ^}的锂-硫电池。