Abstract Rabigh is a thriving coastal city located at the eastern bank of the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia. The city has suffered from shoreline destruction because of the invasive tidal action powered principally by the wind speed and direction over shallow waters. This study was carried out to calibrate the water column depth in the vicinity of Rabigh. Optical and microwave remote sensing data from the European Space Agency were collected over 2 years (2017–2018) along with the analog daily monitoring of tidal data collected from the marine station of Rabigh. Depth invariant index (DII) was implemented utilizing the optical data, while the Wind Field Estimation algorithm was implemented utilizing the microwave data. The findings of the current research emphasis on the oscillation behavior of the depth invariant mean values and the mean astronomical tides resulted in R 2 of 0.75 and 0.79, respectively. Robust linear regression was established between the astronomical tide and the mean values of the normalized DII (R 2 = 0.81). The findings also indicated that January had the strongest wind speed solidly correlated with the depth invariant values (R 2 = 0.92). Therefore, decision-makers can depend on remote sensing data as an efficient tool to monitor natural phenomena and also to regulate human activities in fragile ecosystems.

中文翻译：

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标定深度不变算法以监测沙特阿拉伯红海沿岸拉比格市的潮汐作用

摘要 拉比格是位于沙特阿拉伯红海东岸的一座繁荣的海滨城市。由于主要由浅水区的风速和风向驱动的潮汐侵袭作用，这座城市遭受了海岸线的破坏。进行这项研究是为了校准 Rabigh 附近的水柱深度。来自欧洲航天局的光学和微波遥感数据收集了 2 年多（2017-2018 年），同时对从拉比格海洋站收集的潮汐数据进行了模拟日常监测。深度不变指数 (DII) 是利用光学数据实现的，而风场估计算法是利用微波数据实现的。当前研究结果强调深度不变平均值和平均天文潮汐的振荡行为导致R 2 分别为0.75和0.79。在天文潮汐和归一化 DII 的平均值 (R 2 = 0.81) 之间建立了稳健的线性回归。研究结果还表明，一月份的风速最强，与深度不变值密切相关（R 2 = 0.92）。因此，决策者可以依靠遥感数据作为监测自然现象和调节脆弱生态系统中人类活动的有效工具。研究结果还表明，一月份的风速最强，与深度不变值密切相关（R 2 = 0.92）。因此，决策者可以依靠遥感数据作为监测自然现象和调节脆弱生态系统中人类活动的有效工具。研究结果还表明，一月份的风速最强，与深度不变值密切相关（R 2 = 0.92）。因此，决策者可以依靠遥感数据作为监测自然现象和调节脆弱生态系统中人类活动的有效工具。