The burgeoning rise of health complications emanating from metabolic disease presents an alarming issue with mounting costs for health care and a reduced quality of life. There exists a pressing need for more complete understanding of mechanisms behind the development and progression of metabolic dysfunction. Since lifestyle modifications such as poor diet and lack of physical activity are primary catalysts of metabolic dysfunction, rodent models have been formed to explore mechanisms behind these issues. Particularly, the use of high-fat diet has been pervasive and has been an instrumental model to gain insight into mechanisms underlying diet-induced insulin resistance (IR). However, physical inactivity (and to some extent muscle disuse) is an often overlooked and much less frequently studied lifestyle modification, which some have contended is the primary contributor in the initial development of muscle IR. In this mini-review we highlight some of the key differences between diet- and physical inactivity-induced development of muscle IR and propose reasons for the sparse volume of academic research into physical inactivity-induced IR including infrequent use of clearly translatable rodent physical inactivity models.

中文翻译：

---

身体不活动引起的肌肉胰岛素抵抗的临床前啮齿动物模型：挑战和解决方案

由代谢疾病引起的健康并发症的迅速增加提出了一个令人担忧的问题，即医疗保健成本不断增加和生活质量下降。迫切需要更全面地了解代谢功能障碍发展和进展背后的机制。由于不良饮食和缺乏体力活动等生活方式的改变是代谢功能障碍的主要催化剂，因此已经形成啮齿动物模型来探索这些问题背后的机制。特别是，高脂肪饮食的使用已经普遍存在，并且已成为深入了解饮食诱导的胰岛素抵抗 (IR) 潜在机制的工具模型。然而，缺乏身体活动（在某种程度上是肌肉废用）是一种经常被忽视且研究较少的生活方式改变，有些人认为这是肌肉 IR 最初发展的主要贡献者。在这篇小型评论中，我们强调了饮食和身体不活动诱导的肌肉 IR 发展之间的一些关键差异，并提出了对身体不活动引起的 IR 的学术研究数量稀少的原因，包括不经常使用清晰可翻译的啮齿动物身体不活动模型.