Resistance to antibiotics is an ongoing problem in the biomedical industry. Developing active, alternative drug therapies would reduce our reliance on antibiotics that induce resistance in micro-organisms. To date, bacteriocins and antimicrobial peptides have shown a positive outcome as antibiotic substitutes and synergists apart from phage therapy, antibodies and probiotics. Bacteriocins are proteinaceous antimicrobial peptides synthesized by lactic acid bacteria extensively used as bio-preservatives and alternative to traditional antibiotics to overcome the problem of drug-resistant pathogens. Nonetheless, the use of bacteriocins has several limitations such as limited antimicrobial spectrum, requiring high dose, sensitivity to proteolytic enzymes, etc. Nanoparticles are one of the promising area of research explored to improve antimicrobial spectrum of bacteriocins. This review therefore highlights the recent developments and research pertaining to use of nanoparticles and bacteriocin conjugates to tackle the resistance crisis as well as its applications in food industry.

中文翻译：

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细菌素纳米结合物：医疗和食品工业的福音

对抗生素的耐药性是生物医学行业中一个持续存在的问题。开发积极的替代药物疗法将减少我们对导致微生物产生耐药性的抗生素的依赖。迄今为止，细菌素和抗菌肽作为除噬菌体疗法、抗体和益生菌之外的抗生素替代品和增效剂已显示出积极的结果。细菌素是由乳酸菌合成的蛋白质抗菌肽，广泛用作生物防腐剂和传统抗生素的替代品，以克服耐药病原体的问题。尽管如此，细菌素的使用有几个局限性，例如抗菌谱有限、需要高剂量、对蛋白水解酶敏感等。纳米颗粒是探索改善细菌素抗菌谱的有前景的研究领域之一。因此，本综述重点介绍了有关使用纳米颗粒和细菌素缀合物解决耐药性危机及其在食品工业中的应用的最新进展和研究。