Multiple stressors are ubiquitous in coastal ecosystems as a result of increased human activity and development along coastlines. Accurately assessing multiple stressor effects is essential for predicting stressor impacts and informing management to efficiently and effectively mitigate potentially complex ecological responses. Extracting relevant information on multiple stressor studies conducted specifically within coastal wetlands is not possible from existing reviews, posing challenges in highlighting knowledge gaps and guiding future research. Here, we systematically review manipulative studies that assess multiple anthropogenic stressors within saltmarsh, mangrove, and seagrass ecosystems. In the past decade, there has been a rapid increase in publications, with seagrasses receiving the most attention (76 out of a total of 143 studies). Across all studies, nutrient loading and temperature were tested most often (N = 64 and N = 48, respectively), while the most common stressor combination was temperature with salinity (N = 12). Stressor application and study design varied across ecosystems. Studies are mostly conducted in highly controlled environments, without considering how natural variations in the physicochemical environment of coastal ecosystems may influence stressor intensity and timing under these conditions. This may result in vastly different ecological responses across levels of biological organisation. Shifting focus from univariate analytical approaches to multivariate, particularly path analysis, will help elucidate complex ecological relationships and highlight direct and indirect effects of multiple stressors in coastal ecosystems. There is a solid foundation of multiple stressor research in coastal wetlands. However, we recommend future research enhance ecological realism in experimental design by studying the effects of stressor combinations whilst accounting for spatiotemporal variability that reflects natural conditions of coastal ecosystems.

由于人类活动的增加和海岸线的发展，多重压力源在沿海生态系统中无处不在。准确评估多种压力源效应对于预测压力源影响并通知管理人员有效，有效地减轻潜在的复杂生态响应至关重要。从现有的评论中不可能提取专门在沿海湿地内进行的多种应激源研究的相关信息，这在突出知识差距和指导未来研究方面面临挑战。在这里，我们系统地回顾了评估盐沼，红树林和海草生态系统中多个人为压力源的操纵性研究。在过去的十年中，出版物迅速增加，海草受到了最多的关注（总共143项研究中的76项）。N = 64和N = 48），而最常见的压力源组合是温度和盐度（N= 12）。压力源的应用和研究设计因生态系统而异。研究大多在高度受控的环境中进行，而没有考虑沿海生态系统的物理化学环境的自然变化如何在这些条件下影响压力源强度和时间。这可能会导致跨生物组织各个层面的生态反应截然不同。将重点从单变量分析方法转移到多元分析，尤其是路径分析，将有助于阐明复杂的生态关系，并突出显示多种压力源对沿海生态系统的直接和间接影响。沿海湿地的多重压力源研究具有坚实的基础。然而，