Milk and dairy products together with animal fats are the major sources of undesirable saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in the human diet. Altering milk fat composition replacing a part of SFAs with unsaturated fatty acids thus offers an opportunity to decrease SFAs intake. Supplementation the diet of lactating cows with oilseeds has been a feasible method to improve milk fat composition. Rapeseed is the main source of lipids for animal nutrition in countries of temperate zone. Data from 22 studies published during 2010–2019, supplementing 20–292 g per kg diet DM (dry matter) daily of various rapeseed products (grouped into three categories, i) meal or expeller with fat content >5 g/100 g in DM, ii) intact or mechanically treated seeds and iii) oil), were assessed. Meta-analysis of the dataset (83 experimental variants, of these 30 and 53 control and supplemented, respectively) revealed significant improvement in fatty acid composition of milk fat. The supplementation of rapeseed products significantly decreased the proportion of SFAs (except for stearic acid) in favour particularly of oleic acid and thus of monounsaturated fatty acids. The contents of nutritionally required linoleic and α-linolenic acids were affected in a limited extent only. The efficacy of various forms of supplemented rapeseed on the main FAs and their groups differed. It can be therefore hardly given a univocal recommendation of an optimal form of rapeseed to be supplemented. Nevertheless, supplementation with meal/expeller seems to be applicable to farmers. The meta-analysis showed insignificant effects on milk yield and composition, except for fat content.

牛奶和乳制品以及动物脂肪是人类饮食中不期望的饱和脂肪酸（SFA）的主要来源。因此，改变乳脂成分，用不饱和脂肪酸代替部分SFA，为减少SFA的摄入提供了机会。补充泌乳母牛的油料已成为改善乳脂成分的可行方法。在温带地区，油菜籽是动物营养中脂质的主要来源。来自2010-2019年期间发表的22项研究的数据，每天每公斤饮食DM（干物质）补充20-292 g各种油菜籽产品（分为三类，i）的膳食或榨油机，DM中脂肪含量> 5 g / 100 g ，ii）完整或机械处理过的种子，以及iii）油），进行了评估。数据集的荟萃分析（分别是这30个和53个对照和补充的83个实验变体）显示出乳脂中脂肪酸组成的显着改善。油菜籽产品的添加显着降低了SFA（硬脂酸除外）的比例，尤其是油酸，因此是单不饱和脂肪酸的比例。营养必需的亚油酸和α-亚麻酸的含量仅在有限的范围内受到影响。各种形式的补充油菜籽对主要脂肪酸及其组的功效不同。因此，几乎不可能明确建议要添加最佳形式的油菜籽。然而，补充膳食/榨汁机似乎适用于农民。