Existing network planning models for electric vehicle (EV) services usually treat the battery swap and the on-board supercharging as two independent processes. This study makes an early attempt to design an EV charging network where battery swap and supercharging are jointly coordinated. The swap and supercharge processes are characterized by Erlang B and Erlang C priority queues, respectively. A strategic location-allocation model is formulated to optimize the station sites, battery stock level, and the number of superchargers at chosen sites. Three design criteria, namely, battery state-of-charge, maximum service time, and power grid constraint, are simultaneously taken into account. Meta-heuristics algorithms incorporating Tabu search are developed to tackle the proposed non-linear mixed integer optimization model. Computational results on randomly generated instances show that the priority battery service scheme outperforms the pure battery swap station in terms of spare battery investment cost and charging flexibility. The case study on a real-world traffic network comprised of 0.714 million households further shows the efficacy and advantage of the dual battery charging process for ensuring state-of-charge, service time commitment, and network-wide grid stability.

现有的电动汽车（EV）服务网络规划模型通常将电池交换和车载增压视为两个独立的过程。这项研究尽早尝试设计一种电动汽车充电网络，在该网络中，电池交换和增压共同进行。交换和增压过程分别以Erlang B和Erlang C优先级队列为特征。制定了战略性的位置分配模型，以优化车站站点，电池电量和所选站点的增压器数量。同时考虑了三个设计标准，即电池充电状态，最长服务时间和电网约束。开发了结合禁忌搜索的元启发式算法，以解决所提出的非线性混合整数优化模型。对随机生成的实例进行的计算结果表明，就备用电池投资成本和充电灵活性而言，优先电池服务方案优于纯电池交换站。在一个由74万1千户家庭组成的现实交通网络中的案例研究进一步表明，双电池充电过程对于确保充电状态，服务时间承诺和全网电网稳定性的功效和优势。