In this review, the preparation method of polymer microspheres (MCs) by phase-inversion is addressed and discussed in detail. An interesting advantage of MCs prepared by the PI method is tailor-made morphology that is a critical factor in separation/adsorption/transport systems. This is relevant since MCs are useful storage device to load chemical, biological components (e.g. drug, enzyme, antioxidant, among others) for physiological and environmental pollution control applications (towards metal ions/organic moieties from different effluents). Different parameters have been reviewed, such as preparation mechanism, the effect of loading material used (e.g. chemical and biomaterials) and their morphologies. Microsized range polymeric materials have been identified as the most suitable in several high-end applications, where the main requirement is a high active surface area and inert host polymer matrix. Several conventional techniques (physical and chemical) have been explored for MCs preparation, as well as the most used structured materials for valuable and sensitive components loading. The current review also compiles the phase-inversion (PI) methodology, as well-adopted membrane preparation protocol, for MCs preparation and the main parameters that influence in their size, shape and loading concentration. Special attention has been given to summarize the MCs (mimic membrane morphology) preparation and its application carried out at ITM-CNR in last decade.

在这篇综述中，对通过相转化制备聚合物微球的方法进行了详细讨论。通过PI方法制备的MC的一个有趣优势是量身定制的形态，这是分离/吸附/传输系统中的关键因素。这是有意义的，因为MC是用于装载化学，生物成分（例如药物，酶，抗氧化剂等）的有用存储设备，用于生理和环境污染控制应用（针对来自不同流出物的金属离子/有机部分）。审查了不同的参数，例如制备机理，所用负载材料（例如化学和生物材料）的作用及其形态。微米级聚合物材料已被确定为最适合几种高端应用，主要要求是高活性表面积和惰性主体聚合物基质。已经探索了几种用于制备MC的常规技术（物理和化学），以及用于有价值和敏感的组分装载的最常用的结构化材料。目前的审查还汇编了相转化（PI）方法，以及被广泛采用的膜制备方案，用于MC制备以及影响其尺寸，形状和负载浓度的主要参数。在过去的十年中，已经特别注意总结了MC（模拟膜形态）的制备及其在ITM-CNR上的应用。以及用于有价值和敏感组件加载的最常用结构材料。目前的审查还汇编了相转化（PI）方法，以及被广泛采用的膜制备方案，用于MC制备以及影响其尺寸，形状和负载浓度的主要参数。在过去的十年中，已经特别注意总结了MC（模拟膜形态）的制备及其在ITM-CNR上的应用。以及用于有价值和敏感组件加载的最常用结构材料。目前的审查还汇编了相转化（PI）方法，以及被广泛采用的膜制备方案，用于MC制备以及影响其尺寸，形状和负载浓度的主要参数。在过去的十年中，已经特别注意总结了MC（模拟膜形态）的制备及其在ITM-CNR上的应用。