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Effect of exposed surface area on ammonia emissions from untreated, separated, and digested cattle manure
Biosystems Engineering ( IF 5.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-25 , DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2020.12.005
Johanna Pedersen , Karin Andersson , Anders Feilberg , Sofia Delin , Sasha Hafner , Tavs Nyord

Ammonia (NH3) emissions from land-applied liquid manure (slurry) contribute to nitrogen deposition, acidification, and formation of fine particles in the atmosphere. Optimal management and field application techniques can reduce emission. A reduction in contact area between the slurry and the atmosphere is expected to reduce NH3 emission. The objectives of this study were to develop a method for quantifying the exposed surface area (ESA) of field-applied slurry over time, and determine the degree to which ESA explains differences in NH3 emission. Two experiments were conducted in which untreated, separated, and digested slurry was applied in bands on two different soils with spring oats stubble. Emission data were obtained from online wind tunnel measurements and slurry characteristics such as surface pH, viscosity, and particle size distribution were measured. The new ESA method relies on fluorescent dye added to the slurry prior to field application, followed by imaging. The results show that the ESA measurements can give new insight into the soil-slurry interactions after manure application, and this may help explain why some types of slurry and application techniques lead to successful abatement under some circumstances, but not under others. Furthermore, a pH-, TAN-, temperature-, and ESA-normalised NH3 emission were estimated, helping idetify the effects of infiltration.



中文翻译:

暴露的表面积对未经处理,分离和消化的牛粪中氨排放的影响

土地上施用的液体肥料(泥浆)排放的氨(NH 3)有助于氮的沉积,酸化以及大气中细颗粒的形成。最佳管理和现场应用技术可以减少排放。期望减小浆料与大气之间的接触面积以减少NH 3排放。这项研究的目的是开发一种量化随时间推移田间应用浆液的裸露表面积(ESA)的方法,并确定ESA解释NH 3差异的程度排放。进行了两个实验,其中将未处理,分离和消化的浆液按带状施用在两种不同的土壤上,用春燕麦茬。排放数据是通过在线风洞测量获得的,并测量了浆液特性,例如表面pH值,粘度和粒度分布。新的ESA方法依赖于在现场应用之前将荧光染料添加到浆料中,然后进行成像。结果表明,ESA的测量值可以为施用肥料后的土壤-泥浆相互作用提供新的见解,这可能有助于解释为什么某些类型的泥浆和施用技术在某些情况下会成功实现减排,而在其他情况下则不会成功。此外,pH,TAN,温度和ESA归一化NH 3 估计排放量,有助于确定渗透的影响。

更新日期:2020-12-25
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