Glaciochemical records serve as one of the best archives and as good proxies to indicate regional and global anthropogenic influences. The Himalayas, with fragile ecosystems and pristine environments, hold the third largest reservoir of glacier ice and represent an ideal region to investigate trace metal pollution using glacier records. Limited studies on glacially recorded trace metals in the Himalayas usually collect samples from individual glaciers and report a few trace metals in different seasons. We provide a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the glacially recorded trace metals in the central Himalayas regarding their spatial distribution, seasonal variability, and anthropogenic signals. We analyzed six representative metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Pb, Co) and found that the trace metal concentration range largely varied between the studied metals and sampling sites. The Zn metal concentration is higher, attributed to the contribution of natural sources (e.g., forest fires, dust storms) and anthropogenic sources, including industrial and traffic-related emissions. The Pb concentration showed striking seasonality due to the relatively natural input of local material during the monsoon season and the regional and long-range transport of anthropogenic sources during the non-monsoon season. There was a clear spatial variation in certain trace metals, such as Cu, Zn, and Pb, showing decreasing trends with increasing elevation. The enrichment factor (EF) results showed that Zn metal was highly enriched, followed by Cu and Cd, indicating that Zn metal was relatively highly susceptible to intensified human activities. The seasonal paradox between the enrichment factor and metal concentration revealed that the EF of the monsoon season was usually higher than that of the non-monsoon season, and vice versa regarding metal concentrations primarily associated with metal deposition in regional climate regimes, particularly atmospheric circulation. We suggest that the analytical method can influence the trace metal concentration and EF calculation, resulting in a previously unrecognized bias in the seasonality of trace metals. Future research should prioritize stable isotopes of trace elements (e.g., Pb, Cu) in glaciers that would provide valuable information in identifying the potential source of anthropogenic inputs and the degree of extent affecting the glaciochemistry of the Himalayas.

冰川化学记录是最好的档案之一，也是表明区域和全球人为影响的良好代理。喜马拉雅山拥有脆弱的生态系统和原始环境，拥有第三大冰川冰库，是使用冰川记录调查痕量金属污染的理想地区。喜马拉雅山冰川记录的痕量金属的有限研究通常从单个冰川中收集样品，并报告不同季节的一些痕量金属。我们对喜马拉雅中部冰川记录的痕量金属的空间分布，季节变化和人为信号提供了全面而深入的了解。我们分析了六种代表性金属（铜，锌，镉，铬，铅，Co），发现在研究的金属和采样点之间，痕量金属的浓度范围差异很大。锌金属浓度较高，这归因于自然资源（例如森林大火，沙尘暴）和人为资源的贡献，包括工业和交通相关的排放。由于季风季节当地物质的相对自然输入以及非季风季节人类活动源的区域和远距离迁移，铅的浓度表现出惊人的季节性。某些痕量金属（例如Cu，Zn和Pb）存在明显的空间变化，显示随高度增加而降低的趋势。富集因子（EF）结果表明，锌金属高度富集，其次是铜和镉，表明锌金属对人类活动的增强比较敏感。富集因子与金属浓度之间的季节性悖论表明，季风季节的EF通常高于非季风季节的EF，反之亦然，主要与区域气候体制中的金属沉积有关的金属浓度，反之亦然。我们建议该分析方法可能会影响痕量金属的浓度和EF的计算，从而导致痕量金属的季节性存在以前无法识别的偏差。未来的研究应优先考虑痕量元素（例如，Pb，