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Equidistance returns
The Linguistic Review ( IF 0.581 ) Pub Date : 2018-09-25 , DOI: 10.1515/tlr-2018-0002
Nicholas Longenbaugh , Maria Polinsky

Abstract Modern generative linguistic theory furnishes a variety of general principles that appear to be at work in the grammar of all the world’s languages. One of the most basic and uncontroversial of these principles is that Agree/Move operates according to the constraint Attract Closest, which dictates that the closest suitable goal must be the target for the relevant operation (Rizzi 1990; Chomsky 1995, 2000; Richards 1998). The Polynesian language Niuean (Tongic subgroup, predicate initial word order, ergative-absolutive case system) presents a well known challenge to the universality of {Attract Closest}. The challenge manifests in a variety of distinct constructions in Niuean, but the best known case involves an operation first documented by Seiter (1980), which he terms “raising.” Specifically, Niuean raising appears to license an A-type dependency between the subject position of the matrix clause and the object position of an immediately embedded clause. This is illustrated in (1), where the semantic object of the embedded subjunctive clause, Sione, appears as the syntactic subject of the matrix predicate maeke. (1) To maeke a Sione1$_{1}$ [ke lagomatai he ekekafo t1$t_{1}$]. fut possible abs Sione sbj help erg doctor ‘It’s possible the doctor can help Sione.’ (lit.: Sione is possible that the doctor help [him]) Granting that the filler-gap dependency in (1) is A-type, this is both a clear violation of {Attract closest} (Rizzi 1992; Chomsky 1995; Richards 1998) and a typological anomaly. Our aim in this paper is to argue that such apparent violations of {Attract Closest} are only that. Specifically, we show first that the challenge inherent in Seiter’s raising construction is pervasive throughout the language: in general, objects are accessible to syntactic operations even if the intervening clause-mate subject is also a licit target. In other words, Niuean clause-mate subjects and objects are equally accessible to syntactic operations. Then, we argue that this typologically uncommon equal-accessibility follows from the convergence of several otherwise independently attested operations: (i) a configurational system of case licensing, with a v$v$P as the case computation domain; (ii) obligatory object shift to Spec(v$v$P); (iii) an EPP on T triggering V/VP-raising rather than DP externalization. The resulting basic clause structure is then as below, so that Niuean adheres to standard locality constraints. (2)

中文翻译:

等距收益

摘要现代生成语言理论提供了各种通用原则,这些原则似乎适用于世界所有语言的语法。这些原则中最基本且没有争议的一项是,“同意/移动”操作根据“吸引最近”约束进行操作,该约束指示最合适的目标必须是相关操作的目标(Rizzi 1990; Chomsky 1995,2000; Richards 1998)。 。波利尼西亚语的纽埃语(同音小类,谓词的首字母顺序,全称的格格制)对{Attract Closest}的普遍性提出了众所周知的挑战。挑战体现在纽埃(Nueean)的各种不同建筑中,但最著名的案例涉及Seiter(1980)首次记录的一项行动,他称之为“筹集”。特别,Niuean提升似乎许可在矩阵子句的主题位置和直接嵌入的子句的对象位置之间使用A类型的依赖关系。这在(1)中得到了说明,其中嵌入的虚拟语气从句Sione的语义对象似乎是矩阵谓词maeke的语法主题。(1)要简化Sione1 $ _ {1} $ [ke lagomatai he ekekafo t1 $ t_ {1} $]。可能会帮助Abone Sione sbj帮助erg医生“很可能医生可以帮助Sione。” (照亮:医生可能会帮助他[Sione]。)承认(1)中的填充项依赖项是A型的,这显然违反了{Attract最近}(Rizzi 1992; Chomsky 1995; Richards 1998年)和类型异常。我们在本文中的目的是争辩说,这样明显的违反{Attract Closest}的行为仅仅是这样。特别,我们首先表明,在整个语言中,Seiter的提升构造所固有的挑战无处不在:通常,即使介入的从句伴侣主题也是合法目标,对象也可以通过语法操作访问。换句话说,纽埃语从句的主语和宾语都可以被句法运算访问。然后,我们认为这种类型上罕见的平等可及性是由于几个原本经​​过独立证明的操作的融合:(i)案件许可的配置系统,其中av $ v $ P作为案件计算域;(ii)强制将对象转移到Spec(v $ v $ P);(iii)T上的EPP触发V / VP升高,而不是DP外部化。最终的基本子句结构如下所示,以便纽埃州遵守标准的地域限制。(2)即使中间的子句主语主题也是合法目标,对象也可以通过语法操作访问。换句话说,纽埃语从句的主语和宾语都可以被句法运算访问。然后,我们认为这种类型上罕见的平等可及性是由于几个原本经​​过独立证明的操作的融合:(i)案件许可的配置系统,其中av $ v $ P作为案件计算域;(ii)强制将对象转移到Spec(v $ v $ P);(iii)T上的EPP触发V / VP升高,而不是DP外部化。最终的基本子句结构如下所示,以便纽埃州遵守标准的地域限制。(2)即使中间的子句主语主题也是合法目标,对象也可以通过语法操作访问。换句话说,纽埃语从句的主语和宾语都可以被句法运算访问。然后,我们认为这种类型上罕见的平等可及性是由于几个原本经​​过独立证明的操作的融合:(i)案件许可的配置系统,其中av $ v $ P作为案件计算域;(ii)强制将对象转移到Spec(v $ v $ P);(iii)T上的EPP触发V / VP升高,而不是DP外部化。最终的基本子句结构如下所示,以便纽埃州遵守标准的地域限制。(2)纽安语从句的主语和宾语都可同等地用于句法操作。然后,我们认为这种类型上罕见的平等可及性是由于几个原本经​​过独立证明的操作的融合:(i)案件许可的配置系统,其中av $ v $ P作为案件计算域;(ii)强制将对象转移到Spec(v $ v $ P);(iii)T上的EPP触发V / VP升高,而不是DP外部化。最终的基本子句结构如下所示,以便纽埃州遵守标准的地域限制。(2)纽安语从句的主语和宾语都可同等地用于句法操作。然后,我们认为这种类型上罕见的平等可及性是由于几个原本经​​过独立证明的操作的融合:(i)案件许可的配置系统,其中av $ v $ P作为案件计算域;(ii)强制将对象转移到Spec(v $ v $ P);(iii)T上的EPP触发V / VP升高,而不是DP外部化。最终的基本子句结构如下所示,以便纽埃州遵守标准的地域限制。(2)(ii)强制将对象转移到Spec(v $ v $ P);(iii)T上的EPP触发V / VP升高,而不是DP外部化。最终的基本子句结构如下所示,以便纽埃州遵守标准的地域限制。(2)(ii)强制将对象转移到Spec(v $ v $ P);(iii)T上的EPP触发V / VP升高,而不是DP外部化。最终的基本子句结构如下所示,以便纽埃州遵守标准的地域限制。(2)
更新日期:2018-09-25
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