Abstract Theories of the phonetics-prosody interface suggest that prosodic strengthening that arises with prosodic structuring is not simply a low-level phonetic phenomenon, but it serves as a phonetic hallmark of a higher-order prosodic structure in reference to linguistic (phonological) contrast. The present study builds on this theoretical premise by examining acoustic realization of the phonological tonal contrast in the lexical pitch accent system of South Kyungsang (SK) Korean. Results showed that phonetic realization of F0 and the degree of glottalization (as reflected in spectral tilt measures such as H1-A1c and H1-A3c) of vowels in vowel-initial words were systematically modulated by the higher-order prosodic structure, and that the prosodic-structural modulation gave rise to distinct prosodic strengthening effects as a function of the source of prosodic strengthening. In particular, the prominence-induced strengthening (due to focus) entailed a phonetic polarizing effect on the F0 contrast in a way that enhances the phonological High vs. Low tone contrast. The boundary-induced strengthening effect, on the other hand, could be better understood as enhancing the phonetic clarity of prosodic junctures. The distinct prosodic strengthening effects were further evident in the way that glottalization was fine-tuned according to prosodic structure and phonological (tonal) contrast. Prosodic strengthening effects were also found to interact with intrinsic vowel height, implying that the low-level phonetic effect may be under speaker control in reference to higher-order prosodic and phonological contrast systems of the language. Finally, the results informed a theoretical debate regarding whether the Low tone that contrasts with the High tone in word-initial position should be considered lexically specified vs. post-lexical assigned.

中文翻译：

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参照南庆韩语的词汇音高重音系统的韵律强化

摘要语音-韵律界面的理论表明，韵律强化不仅是一种低级的语音现象，而且是韵律结构所产生的韵律强化，它是语言（语音）对比方面高阶韵律结构的语音标志。本研究基于这一理论前提，通过检验南庆尚韩语词汇音调重音系统中音调对比的声学实现。结果表明，元音初始词中元音的F0语音实现和元音成语程度（反映在像H1-A1c和H1-A3c等频谱倾斜度中）是由高阶韵律结构系统地调节的，韵律-结构调制根据韵律加强的来源产生了明显的韵律加强效果。尤其是，突出引起的增强（由于聚焦）在F0对比度上引起了语音极化效果，从而增强了语音高低对比。另一方面，边界诱导的增强效果可以更好地理解为增强韵律交界处的语音清晰度。通过根据韵律结构和音系（音调）对比对微音化进行微调，可以进一步明显地看出韵律的强化作用。还发现韵律强化效果与内在元音高度有关，暗示低级语音效果可能是在语音的控制下，参考该语言的高阶韵律和语音对比系统。最后，该结果引发了关于是否应在词法指定与词后分配中考虑词首位置与高音形成对比的低调的理论争论。