The European Union (EU) is a unique international organisation. Its constituent treaties establish a regional legal order separate from international law but also integral to the legal systems of its Member States. EU law has supremacy over the domestic laws of the Member States. The EU also possesses international legal personality and is empowered to enter exclusively into binding legal relations with non-EU States (hereinafter third States) on behalf of its twenty-seven Member States in respect of those matters over which it enjoys competence. The exclusive competence of the EU extends to the conservation and management of marine living resources, which has allowed it to play a significant role in the development of fisheries law and policy. The Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) is a set of rules agreed by Member States for regulating the conservation and management of stocks in so-called Union waters – the combined waters of the EU’s constituent Member States – as well as the regulation of fishing vessels flying the flag of an EU Member State in the waters under the jurisdiction of third States or on the high seas. In broad terms, it treats the waters and resources therein as a common resource and EU nationals enjoy equal access to waters and fishing opportunities, subject to some legally defined exceptions or conditions. The CFP was introduced in 1970, and been subject to periodic reviews and reform. he CFP has four main policy areas: fisheries management, market and trade policy, structural funding, and international policy. Alongside internal rules harmonising regulations between Member States, the CFP also has an important external dimension. It is this aspect of EU fisheries law which is the focus of this special issue. This introduction provides necessary context on the EU external fisheries policy and identifies some key issues that are explained in more detail in the other papers to this special issue.

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引言：欧盟共同渔业政策的外在方面

欧盟（EU）是一个独特的国际组织。其组成条约建立了一个独立于国际法但又是其成员国法律体系不可或缺的区域法律秩序。欧盟法律凌驾于成员国的国内法之上。欧盟还拥有国际法律人格，有权代表其 27 个成员国就其有权处理的事项与非欧盟国家（以下简称第三国）建立具有约束力的法律关系。欧盟的专属权限延伸至海洋生物资源的养护和管理，这使其能够在渔业法律和政策的制定中发挥重要作用。共同渔业政策 (CFP) 是成员国同意的一套规则，用于规范所谓的联盟水域（欧盟成员国的合并水域）中的种群养护和管理，以及对航行的渔船的监管。欧盟成员国在第三国管辖水域或公海上的旗帜。从广义上讲，它将其中的水域和资源视为共同资源，欧盟国民享有平等的水域和捕鱼机会，但受某些法律规定的例外或条件的约束。CFP 于 1970 年推出，并受到定期审查和改革。CFP 有四个主要政策领域：渔业管理、市场和贸易政策、结构性资金和国际政策。除了协调成员国之间法规的内部规则外，CFP 还具有重要的外部维度。欧盟渔业法的这一方面是本期特刊的重点。本介绍提供了有关欧盟外部渔业政策的必要背景，并确定了一些关键问题，这些问题在本特刊的其他论文中得到了更详细的解释。