The European Union ( EU ) is willing to participate as much as possible at the negotiation table to meet the challenges that the Arctic poses and benefit from the opportunities it offers. But the relationship between the EU and the Arctic is ‘problematic’ for both external ( EU difficulties particularly with Canada and Russia) and internal reasons (substantive competing interests and ambivalent policies, discrepancies among member States and within EU institutions …). Without a specific policy tradition or a direct geographical link, the EU has not yet gained legitimacy to become a key ‘Arctic actor’ or stakeholder. The EU needs to take an active stance on issues relating to the Arctic (including maritime delimitation, which is critical for determining navigational rights, the scope of Art. 234, etc.); because otherwise, the EU reduces its chances to make an impact on the relevant international fora and, ultimately, on making and implementing Arctic international law.

中文翻译：

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欧盟、北极和国际法

欧盟（EU）愿意尽可能多地参与谈判桌，以应对北极带来的挑战并从中受益。但是，由于外部原因（欧盟的困难，特别是加拿大和俄罗斯的困难）和内部原因（实质性竞争利益和矛盾政策、成员国之间和欧盟机构内部的差异……），欧盟与北极之间的关系都存在“问题”。没有特定的政策传统或直接的地理联系，欧盟尚未获得成为关键“北极参与者”或利益相关者的合法性。欧盟需要在与北极有关的问题上采取积极的立场（包括海洋划界，这对于确定航行权利、第 234 条的范围等至关重要）；因为否则，