This study aimed to address how multiple risk factors that were previously related and derived from ecological levels, when taken together, could explain child-to-mother and child-to-father violence. A total of 298 Spanish adolescents (140 girls) who had committed CPV, with a mean age of 15.91 (SDage = 1.89), offender residents of specialized closed institutions for adolescents who had aggressed their parents (49.5%) and educational centres (50.6%) completed all measures. Both models obtained adequate fit indexes and explained about 50% of the variance in the two types of violence. At contextual (exosystem) level, peer deviance was indirectly related to both types of CPV. At family level (microsystem), the strongest direct predictor in both models was parental ineffectiveness in applying discipline. An additional direct path to child-to-mother violence was the use of corporal punishment. At individual level (ontogenic), the two strongest direct predictors in both models were adolescents’ impulsivity and substance abuse. The models highlight the complexity of the variables involved in the development of CPV. Regarding intervention implications, the models show the importance of paying attention to family variables, such as parents’ mode of implementation of disciplinary measures, and individual factors, such as adolescents’ impulsivity and substance abuse.

中文翻译：

---

青少年儿童对母亲的暴力行为和儿童对父亲的暴力行为的多元模型

这项研究的目的是要解决以前与生态水平相关并从生态系统水平衍生出来的多种危险因素，如何将其解释为儿童对母亲和儿童对父亲的暴力行为。共有298名西班牙青少年（140名女孩）进行了CPV，平均年龄为15.91（SDage = 1.89），是侵害其父母的青少年专门封闭机构的罪犯居民（49.5％）和教育中心（50.6％） ）完成了所有措施。两种模型都获得了足够的拟合指数，并解释了两种类型暴力中约50％的方差。在上下文（外部系统）级别，同伴偏差与两种CPV类型间接相关。在家庭层面（微观系统），两个模型中最直接的直接预测因素是父母在实施纪律方面的无效性。发生儿童对母亲暴力的另一条直接途径是使用体罚。在个体水平（致癌性）上，两个模型中两个最强的直接预测因素是青少年的冲动性和药物滥用。这些模型突出了CPV开发中涉及的变量的复杂性。关于干预的含义，这些模型表明了关注家庭变量（如父母采取纪律措施的方式）以及个人因素（如青少年的冲动性和药物滥用）的重要性。