Current emergent studies are seriously questioning if parental strictness contributes to adolescent adjustment. This study examined whether the relationship between authoritative (warmth and strictness), authoritarian (strictness without warmth), indulgent (warmth without strictness), and neglectful (neither warmth nor strictness) parenting styles shows equal or different pattern of adjustment and maladjustment for aggressive and non-aggressive adolescents. The sample consisted of 969 Spanish adolescents, 554 females (57.2%) and 415 males, ranging from 12 to 17 years old. Families were classified into one of four typologies by their scores on warmth and strictness, and the adolescents were grouped by their aggressiveness (low vs. high). Adolescent adjustment was captured with three self-esteem indicators (emotional, physical, and family) and personal maladjustment with five indicators (negative self-esteem, negative self-adequacy, emotional irresponsiveness, emotional instability, and negative worldview). It was tested main and interaction effects between parenting and aggressiveness considering also sex and age factors. Findings showed that aggressive adolescents always had the worst socialization outcomes (i.e., the lowest self-esteem and the highest personal maladjustment). Aggressive and non-aggressive adolescents have a common pattern: both, indulgent and authoritative parenting styles were always associated with better outcomes than either authoritarian or neglectful parenting, but indulgent parenting style was associated with the best outcomes across all the criteria. In contrast with previous evidence about the idea that parental strictness and imposition might be beneficial to raise aggressive adolescents, present findings highlight the positive impact of parental warmth even with aggressive adolescents. Implications for family interventions were considered.

中文翻译：

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养育方式和积极进取的青少年：与自尊和个人适应失调的关系

当前的新兴研究严重质疑父母的严格性是否有助于青少年适应。这项研究检查了权威性（温暖和严格），专制性（没有温暖的严格），放纵（温暖而没有严格性）和疏忽（温暖或没有严格性）的养育方式之间的关系是否显示出相同或不同的适应性和适应不良模式，以适应攻击性和非攻击性的青少年。样本包括969名西班牙青少年，554名女性（57.2％）和415名男性，年龄在12至17岁之间。根据他们在温暖和严格度方面的得分，家庭被分为四种类型之一，而青少年则按照他们的进取性（低与高）分组。通过三个自尊指标（情绪，身体，和家庭）以及五个指标（负的自尊心，负的自给自足，情绪上的无反应性，情绪上的不稳定性和负面的世界观）造成的个人不适应。测试还考虑了性别和年龄因素对父母教养和积极性之间的主要影响和相互作用。研究结果表明，积极进取的青少年总是社会交往最差的（即，自尊心最低和个人适应不良率最高）。积极进取和不积极进取的青少年都有一个共同的模式：放纵和专横的父母养育方式总是比独裁或疏忽的父母养育方式具有更好的结局，但是放纵的父母教养方式与所有标准下的最佳结局都有关系。与以前关于父母的严格和强加可能有益于养成积极进取的青少年这一观点相反，目前的发现凸显了即使对于积极进取的青少年，父母温暖也具有积极的影响。考虑了对家庭干预的影响。