Abstract I develop a model with status concerns to analyze how different economic factors affect female labor participation and welfare, as well as average household incomes and wages. Reductions in the price of domestic goods and increases in female wages have positive effects on female participation. Increases in male wages have different effects on female participation depending on whether they affect female wages or not. Events that lead to increases in female participation are usually associated with decreases in the welfare of stay-at-home wives but are not necessarily associated with increases in welfare of working wives. Allowing for part-time work can lead to an increase in overall female labor force participation, but some women that would have worked full-time end up working part-time. If female wages are endogenous, an increase in male wages leads to an increase in the female participation rate even if it is not associated with a decrease in the gender wage gap. The positive feedback of increased female participation on their wages can lead to hysteresis of dual equilibria of high and low female labor force participation and a discontinuous transition between these equilibria.

中文翻译：

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具有多个社会参考群体的女性劳动力参与和福利的动态

摘要我建立了一个状态关注的模型，以分析不同的经济因素如何影响女性的劳动参与和福利以及平均家庭收入和工资。国内商品价格的下降和女性工资的增加对女性参与度产生了积极影响。男性工资的增加对女性参与度有不同的影响，具体取决于它们是否影响女性工资。导致女性参与度增加的事件通常与全职妻子的福利减少有关，但不一定与在职妻子的福利增加有关。允许从事非全日制工作可导致女性劳动力总体参与度增加，但是一些本来会全职工作的妇女最终会成为非全日制工作。如果女性工资是内生的，男性工资的增加导致女性参与率的提高，即使这与性别工资差距的减少没有关系。女性参与度对其工资的增加的积极反馈会导致女性劳动力参与度高和低的双重平衡以及这些平衡之间的不连续过渡。