Given the global importance of bioeconomy for sustainable development and its trendiness in the knowledge driven literature, our research aims to develop a general assessment framework for several shaping factors of bioeconomy fundamentals within the European Union under the decisive impact of the intellectual capital credentials, namely educational attainment, research and development activities and innovation patterns. Considering that there is a high heterogeneity among Member States (MS), selectively regarding the implementation of the intellectual capital in the knowledge economy, but also a differential degree of bioeconomy advances, we have compiled distinct panels on the two groups of EU-28 MS, namely EU-15 (old MS) and EU-13 (new MS). The purpose is to examine the inferences of the intellectual capital in the context of economic development and to shape its role in achieving a sustainable bioeconomy. We have applied several macro-econometric procedures for each considered group, namely: multifactorial macro-econometric models, structural equation modelling (SEM) and Gaussian Graphical Models (GGM), for the period 1995-2016. The results highlight that education, innovation and research, along with main bioeconomy credentials, are at the core of economic development of both EU-13 and EU-15 countries, having distinctive dissimilarities between them, particularly enhanced for the new EU-13 MS.

中文翻译：

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在经济发展框架中模拟欧盟生物经济证书：智力资本的作用

鉴于生物经济对可持续发展的全球重要性及其在知识驱动文献中的趋势，我们的研究旨在在智力资本证书（即教育）的决定性影响下，为欧盟内生物经济基础的几个塑造因素制定一个总体评估框架。成果、研发活动和创新模式。考虑到成员国 (MS) 之间存在高度异质性，选择性地考虑知识经济中智力资本的实施，而且生物经济进步的程度不同，我们针对 EU-28 MS 的两组编制了不同的小组，即 EU-15（旧 MS）和 EU-13（新 MS）。目的是在经济发展的背景下检查智力资本的推论，并塑造其在实现可持续生物经济方面的作用。我们为每个考虑的群体应用了几种宏观经济计量程序，即：1995-2016 年期间的多因素宏观经济计量模型、结构方程模型 (SEM) 和高斯图形模型 (GGM)。结果突出表明，教育、创新和研究以及主要的生物经济证书是 EU-13 和 EU-15 国家经济发展的核心，它们之间有明显的不同，特别是在新的 EU-13 MS 中得到了加强。1995-2016 年期间的结构方程模型 (SEM) 和高斯图形模型 (GGM)。结果突出表明，教育、创新和研究以及主要的生物经济证书是 EU-13 和 EU-15 国家经济发展的核心，它们之间具有明显的差异，特别是在新的 EU-13 MS 中得到了加强。1995-2016 年期间的结构方程模型 (SEM) 和高斯图形模型 (GGM)。结果突出表明，教育、创新和研究以及主要的生物经济证书是 EU-13 和 EU-15 国家经济发展的核心，它们之间有明显的不同，特别是在新的 EU-13 MS 中得到了加强。