Abstract On the basis of cross-linguistic data from both genetically and geographically related and unrelated languages, in this article we argue that the linguistic phenomena usually referred to as the avertive, the frustrative and the apprehensional belong not to three but to five – semantically related, and yet distinct grammatical categories, all of which involve different degrees of non-realization of the verb situation in the area of Tense-Aspect-Mood: apprehensional, avertive, frustrated initiation, frustrated completion, inconsequential. Our major goal here is to account for these grammatical categories in terms of an adequate model of linguistic categorization. For this purpose, we apply the notion of Intersective Gradience (introduced for the first time in the morphosyntactic domain in Aarts (2004, 2007) to the morphosemantic domain. Thus the present approach reconciles two major approaches to linguistic categorization: (i) the classical, Aristotelian approach and (ii) a more recent, gradience/fuzziness approach.

中文翻译：

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“非实现”的语法

摘要 基于来自基因和地理相关和不相关语言的跨语言数据，在本文中，我们认为通常被称为厌恶、挫败和忧虑的语言现象不属于三种，而是属于五种——语义相关的。 ，以及不同的语法类别，所有这些都涉及不同程度的动词情境在时态-方面-情绪领域的未实现：忧虑、厌恶、失意的开始、失意的完成、无关紧要。我们在这里的主要目标是根据语言分类的适当模型来解释这些语法类别。为此，我们将交叉梯度的概念（首次在 Aarts (2004, 2007) 的形态句法域中引入）应用于形态语义域。