Abstract Previous research has led to conflicting notions of the representation of L1 and L2 grammatical gender systems in the mental lexicon: under the gender-integrated representation hypothesis the L1 and L2 gender nodes are shared, while these nodes are language-specific in the gender autonomous representation hypothesis. We address this debate, extending this research to L1 and L2 systems mismatched in number of gender values. In this study, Spanish–German bilinguals performed an L2 picture-naming task in which gender congruency (congruent, incongruent and neuter) between L1 and L2 nouns was manipulated. Latencies were shorter for gender-congruent than gender-incongruent nouns, and latencies for the German neuter nouns were also shorter than those for the masculine–feminine incongruent nouns. These gender congruency effects support the gender-integrated representation hypothesis and indicate a unique representation of the gender value not present in the L1 which interferes with the response significantly less than when the incongruency is between gender values present in both languages.

中文翻译：

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双语心理词典中不对称语法性别系统的表示

摘要先前的研究导致了心理词典中L1和L2语法性别系统表示的概念存在冲突：在性别整合表示假设下，L1和L2性别节点是共享的，而这些节点在性别自治中是特定于语言的表示假设。我们解决了这场辩论，将这项研究扩展到性别值数量不匹配的L1和L2系统。在这项研究中，西班牙语-德语的双语者执行了L2图片命名任务，其中操纵了L1和L2名词之间的性别一致性（一致，异同和中性）。性别一致名词的等待时间短于性别不一致名词，而德国中性名词的等待时间也短于男性-女性不一致名词。