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Shaping modern Indo-Aryan isoglosses
Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics ( IF 0.400 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-25 , DOI: 10.1515/psicl-2020-0017
Krzysztof Stroński 1 , Saartje Verbeke 2
Affiliation  

Abstract Since the pioneering paper by Emenau (1956) there have been many attempts (cf. Masica 1976, 2001; Ebert 2001; among many others) to select areal features which are shared among languages spoken in South Asia. However, there has been little consent on the number of such features and the possible direction of their spread. In this paper we are focusing on two selected isoglosses, namely alignment and constituent order. Both of them have been used to define the Indo-Aryan linguistic area: alignment is one of the key elements to distinguish western from eastern Indo-Aryan (Peterson 2017) and word order is one of the innovations which differentiates some of the “Outer” languages from “Inner” Indo-Aryan languages (Zoller 2017: 15). This article focuses on two languages which are said to determine these isoglosses: Awadhi and Kashmiri. Our study of Awadhi shows that the isogloss delineating ergative or accusative case marking zones is situated in the area where the so-called Eastern Hindi dialects (among them Awadhi) are spoken. As we will demonstrate, this specific isogloss is substantially supported by diachronic evidence. The second language under consideration, namely Kashmiri, is an example of an “Outer” language with a quite stable V2 feature. Both Awadhi and Kashmiri are compared with Pahari, a language branch which functions as a link between the two of them. Our comparison of Kashmiri with certain Western Pahari Himachali languages shows that there is no clear borderline between two language groups supported by word order. We conclude from these case studies that the study of isoglosses is by definition a study of fluid boundaries, and qualitative, historical studies of one language can prove or disprove hypotheses based on synchronic similarities between languages.

中文翻译:

塑造现代的印度-雅利安人格

摘要自从Emenau(1956)的开创性论文以来,已经进行了许多尝试(参见Masica 1976,2001; Ebert 2001;等)来选择区域特征,这些特征是南亚使用的语言之间共享的。但是,关于此类功能的数量及其传播的可能方向,几乎没有共识。在本文中,我们着重于两个选定的等值线,即对齐和组成顺序。两者都已被用来定义印度-雅利安语的语言区域:对齐是区分西方与东部印度-雅利安语的关键因素之一(Peterson,2017年),字序是使某些“外部”与众不同的创新之一。语言来自“内部”印度-雅利雅语(Zoller 2017:15)。本文重点介绍确定这些等值线的两种语言:Awadhi和Kashmiri。我们对Awadhi的研究表明,划定等格或宾格用语标记区的等迹线位于所说的东部印地语方言(包括Awadhi)中。正如我们将要演示的那样,历时性证据充分支持了这种特定的等值线。正在考虑的第二种语言,即克什米尔语,是具有相当稳定的V2功能的“外部”语言的示例。Awadhi和Kashmiri都与Pahari(一种语言分支,两者之间的链接)进行了比较。我们对克什米尔语与某些西方Pahari喜马ali里语的比较表明,单词顺序支持的两个语言组之间没有明确的界限。从这些案例研究中我们得出的结论是,根据定义,等距研究是对流体边界的研究,并且是定性的,
更新日期:2020-09-25
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