Standard economic theory suggests that monopolies result in outputs lower and prices higher than socially desirable. In service systems, customers are often reluctant to join overly crowded systems...

中文翻译：

---

可观察队列中的社会和垄断优化

标准经济理论表明，垄断导致产出低于社会，而价格高于社会所期望的。在服务系统中，客户通常不愿意加入过于拥挤的系统...