Abstract The present study aimed to explore the metalinguistic awareness of Persian- and Persian-Baluchi-speaking students who were in the process of learning English as their second and third languages, respectively. In order to study learners’ metalinguistic awareness in error identification, correction and explanation they were asked to complete a syntactic awareness test. Findings demonstrated that Baluch respondents noted and corrected a greater proportion of grammatical errors than Persian respondents in English. Moreover, Baluch participants had a more grammar-oriented approach in correcting the errors they noted than the Persian participants, whose approaches were relatively content-oriented for some errors. As for error explanation, Baluch participants produced a greater proportion of error explanations and had a more grammar-oriented approach than did the Persian participants, however, their differences in this case were not statistically significant. These differences were observed on the dimensions that were both similar and dissimilar across the three languages (Persian, Baluchi, and English).

中文翻译：

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双语（波斯语-俾路支语）和单语（波斯语）学习者的元语言意识

摘要 本研究旨在探讨分别将英语作为第二语言和第三语言的波斯语和波斯语-俾路支语学生的元语言意识。为了研究学习者在错误识别、纠正和解释方面的元语言意识，他们被要求完成句法意识测试。调查结果表明，俾路支语受访者比波斯语受访者在英语中注意到并纠正了更大比例的语法错误。此外，与波斯参与者相比，俾路支参与者在纠正他们注意到的错误时采用更注重语法的方法，波斯参与者的方法对于某些错误相对以内容为导向。至于错误解释，与波斯语参与者相比，俾路支参与者产生了更大比例的错误解释，并且采用了更加注重语法的方法，然而，他们在这种情况下的差异在统计上并不显着。在三种语言（波斯语、俾路支语和英语）的相似和不同维度上观察到这些差异。