Abstract We present elicited production data reflecting cross-linguistic interference effects in the English wh-questions of Spanish-English bilingual children to provide a proof-of-concept for a proposed new formal analysis of such effects across cross-linguistic influence phenomena. The observed interference effects are interpreted as evidence for the Strong Integration hypothesis of bilingual grammatical architecture, in the context of independently documented facilitation and interference effects in a range of bilingual acquisition contexts. Building on an existing Optimality-Theoretic (OT) model of monolingual acquisition and a specific account of the adult grammar of wh-structures across dialects of Spanish, we propose that the individual patterns documented, in particular the sensitivity in child English to distinctions made in Spanish dialects on the basis of an argument/adjunct contrast, find a straightforward explanation in the OT model of acquisition as adapted to bilingual situations. The generalizability of the model as well as effects of exposure and dominance are discussed.

中文翻译：

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双语语法的强整合，形式化

摘要 我们提供了反映跨语言干扰效应在西英双语儿童的英语 wh 问题中的引出生产数据，为跨语言影响现象的此类效应的拟议新正式分析提供概念证明。在独立记录的一系列双语习得环境中的促进和干扰效应的背景下，观察到的干扰效应被解释为双语语法结构的强整合假设的证据。基于现有的单语习得最佳理论 (OT) 模型和对西班牙语方言中 wh 结构的成人语法的具体说明，我们建议记录单个模式，特别是儿童英语对基于论证/辅助对比的西班牙方言区分的敏感性，在适应双语情况的 OT 习得模型中找到一个直接的解释。讨论了模型的普遍性以及暴露和支配的影响。