Abstract This study investigates the expression of perfect meanings in thirty English-lexifier pidgins and creoles or related varieties, such as African American Vernacular English or Singlish. The data were elicited with the help of sixteen sentences and a short text from Dahl’s (1985: 198–206) typological tense-aspect questionnaire. The perfective, as the perfect’s ‘anti-prototype’ (Dahl 2014: 273), is also considered. The possession of a grammaticalized perfect category is particularly frequent in West Africa, where it is likely to constitute a case of substrate influence; moreover, the gram is considerably less frequent in English-lexifier pidgins and creoles than in non-creole languages, which may be related to recent grammaticalization processes.

中文翻译：

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完美的英语-汉语拼音词和克里奥尔语

摘要这项研究调查了三十种英语-汉语拼音词，克里奥尔语或克里奥尔语或相关品种（如非裔美国人的英语或英语）中的完全义表达。这些数据是通过16句话和Dahl（1985：198-206）类型学时态调查表的简短文本得出的。还考虑了完美主义者，作为完美主义者的“反原型”（Dahl 2014：273）。在西非，拥有一个语法完美的类别尤其常见，因为这很可能构成基础影响。此外，英语单词词典的小词和克里奥尔语中的语法出现频率比非克里奥尔语语言中的少得多，这可能与最近的语法化过程有关。