Cavite Chabacano, an endangered creole language spoken in Cavite City, Philippines, has dialectal variation that can be traced to the settlement patterns established by the Spanish during the colonial era. This study focuses on Cavite Chabacano speakers’ metalinguistic awareness of dialectal variation, what their attitudes are toward it, and how they believe the different dialects are influenced by the superstrate Spanish or the substrate Tagalog. Participants’ comments during a map-labeling task show where Chabacano is still believed to be spoken and reveal that they have high metalinguistic awareness of variation in the vowel system and in second person pronoun usage. The Chabacano spoken in the San Roque district is perceived to have the closest relationship to Spanish, despite having more substrate influence in the vowel system. This study demonstrates the usefulness of perceptual dialectology for endangered language documentation and for studying variation and language attitudes in small communities and creole or other multilingual settings.

中文翻译：

---

人们对Cavite Chabacano变化的看法

Cavite Chabacano是菲律宾甲米地的一种濒临灭绝的克里奥尔人语言，其方言变化可以追溯到殖民时期西班牙人建立的定居模式。这项研究的重点是Cavite Chabacano讲者对方言变异的金属语言意识，他们对方言的态度以及他们如何相信不同的方言受上层西班牙语或下层他加禄语的影响。参与者在地图标注任务中的评论表明，人们仍然在说Chabacano的所在地，并且表明他们对元音系统和第二人称代词用法的变化具有高度的语言学意识。尽管在元音系统中具有更大的基调影响力，但人们认为在圣罗克（San Roque）地区使用的Chabacano与西班牙人关系最密切。