I study the manipulation of test scores in Italy. Using an experiment that randomly assigns external monitors to classrooms, I apply a new methodology to study the extent of the manipulation and propose a correction method. I find that the manipulation was associated with more correlation in the answers after one controls for mean test scores. It was concentrated in the south and islands region, and it tended to favor female and immigrant students. Finally, the correlation patterns between the amount of manipulation and the number of missing answers suggest that teachers were more responsible for the manipulation than students.

中文翻译：

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老师和作弊者：只是一个字谜？

我在意大利学习考试成绩的操纵方法。通过一个随机分配外部监视器到教室的实验，我应用了一种新的方法来研究操纵的程度并提出一种纠正方法。我发现，在控制了一个平均测试分数之后，操纵与答案中的更多相关性相关。它集中在南部和岛屿地区，并且倾向于偏爱女学生和移民学生。最后，操纵量和答案缺失数量之间的相关模式表明，教师比学生对操纵的责任更大。