Educational attitudes are linked to long-term educational success through motivating effort and greater attention to the future. This study focuses on the role of friends and of parents in the school-grade cohort in shaping adolescent attitude development. First, I explore the effect of friends’ attitudes on an adolescent’s attitudes. Second, I ask whether parental investments and educational expectations in the adolescent’s school cohort can moderate the influence of friends on attitudes. I find that adolescents’ attitudes about school respond to friends’ attitudes and that parental educational expectations within a cohort can moderate the influence of friends on attitudes.

中文翻译：

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同伴，父母和学校态度

通过激励努力和对未来的更多关注，教育态度与长期的教育成功相关。这项研究的重点是在学校级队列中，朋友和父母在塑造青少年态度发展中的作用。首先，我探讨了朋友态度对青少年态度的影响。其次，我问青少年的学校群体中父母的投资和对教育的期望是否可以减轻朋友对态度的影响。我发现青少年对学校的态度会回应朋友的态度，而同龄人对父母的教育期望可以减轻朋友对态度的影响。