Most companies include a commitment for sustainable growth involving a switch towards the circular economy (CE) model. The purpose of this paper is to present barriers to CE adoption identified by a literature review. The paper also addresses the particular challenges faced by manufacturers by answering the research question: What are the dominant barriers faced by the manufacturing industry in moving towards a CE?,This paper presents a literature review of research identifying barriers for adopting to CE in the manufacturing sector. The literature review is followed by a case study identifying barriers to CE as seen by ten companies within manufacturing, including the GS1 global information standardisation agency used by all manufacturers.,The manufacturers investigated focus mostly on recycling and waste reduction. These policies have low or very low CE effect. High CE effect policies like maintenance and reuse targeting the CE ideal of no waste, are nearly non-existent. The results identified seven main barriers to the CE: (1) high start-up costs, (2) complex supply chains, (3) challenging business-to-business (B2B) cooperation, (4) lack of information on product design and production, (5) lack of technical skills, (6) quality compromise and (7) disassembly of products is time-consuming and expensive.,The data come from participants in a single country, Norway, although the manufacturers are multinational companies adhering to enterprise policies.,This research shows that all the companies interviewed are well aware of the growing need for their company to move towards more sustainable operations involving CE concepts. The barriers identified are explored, and the findings could guide such companies in their efforts to move to maintenance, reuse, remanufacture and recycle (M+3R) operational model.,The study has found that the major barriers for implementation of CE are quality issues in recycled materials, supply chain complexities, coordination problems between companies, design and production of the product, disassembly of products and high start-up/ investment costs.,The research shows how the transition towards a CE takes place in manufacturing industries by studying the manufacturing sector.

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了解循环经济的障碍：来自制造业的案例

大多数公司都对可持续发展做出了承诺，其中包括转向循环经济（CE）模式。本文的目的是介绍通过文献综述确定的采用CE的障碍。本文还通过回答以下研究问题来解决制造商面临的特殊挑战：制造行业向消费电子化转型过程中面临的主要障碍是什么？本文对有关研究确定了在制造中采用消费电子化障碍的研究进行了文献综述。部门。文献综述之后是一个案例研究，该案例研究确定了制造内的十家公司所面临的CE障碍，包括所有制造商使用的GS1全球信息标准化机构。制造商调查的重点主要是回收和减少废物。这些策略具有低或非常低的CE效果。针对CE理想，无浪费的维护和重用等高CE效果策略几乎不存在。结果确定了CE的七个主要障碍：（1）高昂的启动成本；（2）复杂的供应链；（3）挑战企业对企业（B2B）合作；（4）缺乏有关产品设计的信息；以及生产，（5）缺乏技术技能，（6）质量妥协和（7）产品拆卸既耗时又昂贵。这些数据来自挪威一个国家的参与者，尽管制造商是遵守的跨国公司企业政策。，这项研究表明，所有受访公司都充分意识到其公司越来越需要朝着涉及CE概念的可持续发展的方向发展。探索发现的障碍，