The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of retailers’ organizational controls and controls of their boundary personnel on manufacturers’ outsourcing performance. It further assesses the moderating impact of information symmetry in this context.,Data were collected from 230 Indian apparel manufacturers engaged in outsourcing activities with two international retailers. Organizational control is scrutinized as formal and informal controls, and outsourcing performance is studied in terms of efficiency and effectiveness. The partial least squares approach is used to test the proposed research model.,First, the retailers’ and the boundary person’s formal controls have a direct, positive effect on outsourcing efficiency. Second, although no significant effect of the boundary person’s formal controls on outsourcing effectiveness is identified, a significant effect of retailers’ formal controls on effectiveness is seen. Third, the boundary person’s informal controls are associated with a decrease in efficiency, whereas they have a positive effect on effectiveness. Fourth, although the retailers’ informal controls enhance outsourcing effectiveness, they negatively affect efficiency. Fifth, information symmetry is statistically significant in enhancing outsourcing efficiency and effectiveness.,The results have important implications for retailers and retailers’ boundary persons who are keen to improve their relations with manufacturers. This paper offers practical insights into the ways that manufacturers, boundary personnel and retailers can exercise control mechanisms in order to achieve effective and efficient outsourcing outcomes.,The effect of organizational control and information symmetry on outsourcing performance in typical outsourcing practices in manufacturer‒retailer relationships is shown.

中文翻译：

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外包，信息对称和治理

本文的目的是检验零售商的组织控制和边界人员控制对制造商外包绩效的影响。它进一步评估了这种情况下信息对称性的适度影响。数据收集自230家与两家国际零售商进行外包活动的印度服装制造商。将组织控制作为正式和非正式控制进行审查，并根据效率和有效性研究外包绩效。偏最小二乘方法用于检验所提出的研究模型。首先，零售商和边界人的正式控制对外包效率具有直接的积极影响。其次，尽管没有发现边界人的正式控制对外包效率的重大影响，可以看到零售商正式控制对有效性的重大影响。第三，边界人的非正式控制与效率的下降相关，而它们却对效率产生积极影响。第四，尽管零售商的非正式控制提高了外包效率，但它们对效率产生了负面影响。第五，信息对称性在提高外包效率和有效性方面具有统计学意义。该结果对零售商和渴望改善与制造商关系的零售商边界人员具有重要意义。本文为制造商，边界人员和零售商行使控制机制以实现有效和高效的外包成果提供了实用的见解。