This paper considers the attenuation of agglomeration economies. Put another way: how close is close? The paper presents evidence of agglomeration effects operating at various levels of spatial aggregation, including the regional, metropolitan, and neighborhood scales. In fact, agglomeration effects also seem to operate below the neighborhood level, including within buildings and organizations. These effects attenuate, with nearby activity exerting the strongest effects. The attenuation of agglomeration economies has implications for urban spatial structure, the microfoundations of agglomeration economies, and commercial real estate. It also affects the ability of governments and businesses to internalize agglomeration economies.

中文翻译：

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距离有多近？集聚经济的空间范围

本文考虑了集聚经济的衰减。换一种说法：多近的距离？本文提供了在不同级别的空间聚集（包括区域，都市和邻里尺度）上运行的集聚效应的证据。实际上，集聚效应似乎也在邻里层以下起作用，包括建筑物和组织内部。这些作用减弱，附近的活动发挥最强的作用。集聚经济的衰减对城市空间结构，集聚经济的微观基础和商业房地产都有影响。它还影响政府和企业内部化集聚经济的能力。