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General mental ability and specific abilities: Their relative importance for extrinsic career success.
Journal of Applied Psychology ( IF 11.802 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 , DOI: 10.1037/apl0000472
Jonas W B Lang 1 , Harrison J Kell 2
Affiliation  

Recent research on the role of general mental ability (GMA) and specific abilities in work-related outcomes has shown that the results differ depending on the theoretical and conceptual approach that researchers use. While earlier research has typically assumed that GMA causes the specific abilities and has thus used incremental validity analysis, more recent research has explored the implications of treating GMA and specific abilities as equals (differing only in breadth and not subordination) and has used relative importance analysis. In this article, we extend this work to the prediction of extrinsic career success operationalized as pay, income, and the attainment of jobs with high prestige. Results, based on a large national sample, revealed that GMA and specific abilities measured in school were good predictors of job prestige measured after 11 years, pay measured after 11 years, and income 51 years later toward the end of the participants' work lives. With 1 exception, GMA was a dominant predictor in incremental validity analyses. However, in relative importance analyses, the majority of the explained variance was explained by specific abilities, and GMA was not more important than single specific abilities in relative importance analyses. Visuospatial, verbal, and mathematical abilities all had substantial variance shares and were also more important than GMA in some of the analyses. Implications for the interpretation of cognitive ability data and facilitating people's success in their careers are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译:

一般心理能力和特定能力:它们对外在职业成功的相对重要性。

最近关于一般心理能力 (GMA) 和特定能力在工作相关结果中的作用的研究表明,结果因研究人员使用的理论和概念方法而异。虽然早期的研究通常假设 GMA 导致特定能力并因此使用增量有效性分析,但最近的研究探索了将 GMA 和特定能力视为平等(仅在广度上和从属上不同)的含义,并使用了相对重要性分析. 在本文中,我们将这项工作扩展到外在职业成功的预测,这些外在职业成功可操作为薪酬、收入和获得高声望的工作。结果,基于大型全国样本,揭示了在学校测量的 GMA 和特定能力是 11 年后测量的工作声望、11 年后测量的工资和 51 年后参与者工作生涯结束时的收入的良好预测因子。除了 1 个例外,GMA 是增量有效性分析中的主要预测因子。然而,在相对重要性分析中,大部分解释方差是由特定能力解释的,而在相对重要性分析中,GMA 并不比单个特定能力更重要。视觉空间、语言和数学能力都有很大的差异份额,并且在某些分析中也比 GMA 更重要。讨论了解释认知能力数据和促进人们在职业生涯中取得成功的意义。(PsycINFO 数据库记录 (c) 2019 APA,
更新日期:2020-09-01
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