Abstract This paper examines bidirectional transfer between L1 English and L2 Spanish in the motion domain, both in boundary crossing [BC] and non-boundary crossing [NBC] situations. It focuses on the semantic component of Path. Furthermore, it examines whether learners’ proficiency has an impact on the degree of cross-linguistic influence [CLI] between their L1 and L2. An experimental study was conducted with five groups of informants: an English monolingual group, a Spanish monolingual group and three groups of L1 English learners of L2 Spanish. The findings support the existence of bidirectional transfer. The three groups of learners exhibited L1 typological patterns when retelling motion events in L2: (a) they used fewer path verbs than the monolingual Spanish group in BC and NBC; (b) they produced examples of satellites encoding the Path in BC and NBC; and (c) they expressed event conflation with one main verb in BC. In addition, the L2 influenced the L1, although this influence was restricted to learners with higher levels of L2 proficiency who used more path verbs than the monolingual English group. These results provide evidence for the role of bidirectional transfer in second language acquisition.

中文翻译：

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憨豆先生是开车离开车库还是开车离开车库？Path表达式中的双向传递

摘要 本文研究了在跨越边界 [BC] 和非跨越边界 [NBC] 情况下，在运动域中 L1 英语和 L2 西班牙语之间的双向转移。它侧重于 Path 的语义组件。此外，它还检查学习者的熟练程度是否对其 L1 和 L2 之间的跨语言影响 [CLI] 的程度有影响。对五组信息提供者进行了实验研究：英语单语组、西班牙语单语组和三组 L2 西班牙语的 L1 英语学习者。研究结果支持双向转移的存在。三组学习者在复述 L2 运动事件时表现出 L1 类型学模式：(a) 他们使用的路径动词比 BC 和 NBC 的单语西班牙语组少；(b) 他们制作了编码 BC 和 NBC 路径的卫星示例；(c) 他们用 BC 中的一个主要动词表达了事件混淆。此外，L2 影响了 L1，尽管这种影响仅限于具有更高 L2 水平的学习者，他们比单语英语组使用更多的路径动词。这些结果为双向迁移在第二语言习得中的作用提供了证据。