So far, the scope of alliance portfolio configuration (APC) studies has included only one degree, namely direct alliances or partners of a focal firm. Based on the sociological concept of 'three degrees of influence rule', this study extends the scope of the APC of a focal firm to three degrees, and two structural variables (clustering coefficient and closeness centrality) are extracted from the extended APCs of 31 Korean bio-pharmaceutical firms. Then, the effects of these variables on firm innovation performance are analysed using the two-step generalised method of moments (GMM) estimates. The results show that the more clustered the extended APCs are, and the closer their average distance from a focal firm, the more favourable the innovation performance of the firms. Additionally, the average distance was found to moderate the clustering effect in the extended APC for the innovation performance. Attempting to interpret the APC with such an expanded concept is expected to accelerate further research in the future.

中文翻译：

---

扩展联盟组合配置和企业创新的结构特征

到目前为止，联盟投资组合配置（APC）研究的范围仅包括一个学位，即直接联盟或重点公司的合伙人。基于“三影响度法则”的社会学概念，本研究将一家重点企业的APC范围扩展至三度，并从31个韩国人的扩展APC中提取了两个结构变量（聚类系数和紧密度中心性）生物制药公司。然后，使用两步广义矩（GMM）估计法分析这些变量对企业创新绩效的影响。结果表明，扩展的APC越集群，并且它们与焦点公司的平均距离越近，它们的创新绩效越好。另外，发现平均距离可以缓和扩展APC中的创新效果。试图用这种扩展的概念来解释APC有望在未来加速进一步的研究。