Modular design is regarded as an effective approach to reduce production cost and increase mass customisation and personalisation in industries. The implementation of modularisation requires the support of the entire technical system, including product, service and supply chains. However, most modularity studies only focus on product modularity. There is a need for comprehensive understanding of modularity in product, service and supply chains. This paper addresses this need by defining the modularity of the technical system, including product, service and supply chains; and providing classifications for modularity across product modularity, service modularity and supply chain modularity separately. The contributions of this paper are: 1) a review on the classification of technical system modularity; 2) the analysis of internal relationship among different types of product modularity; 3) a proposal for different types of service modularity and supply chain modularity. This study can assist manufacturing companies to improve modular design and management of technical system.

中文翻译：

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对技术系统的不同类型的模块化进行分类

模块化设计被认为是降低生产成本，增加行业中大规模定制和个性化的有效方法。模块化的实施需要整个技术系统的支持，包括产品，服务和供应链。但是，大多数模块化研究仅关注产品模块化。需要全面了解产品，服务和供应链中的模块化。本文通过定义包括产品，服务和供应链在内的技术系统的模块化来满足这一需求。并分别提供跨产品模块化，服务模块化和供应链模块化的模块化分类。本文的贡献是：1）对技术系统模块化的分类进行了回顾；2）分析不同类型产品模块化之间的内部关系；3）针对不同类型的服务模块化和供应链模块化的建议。这项研究可以帮助制造公司改善模块化设计和技术系统的管理。