This paper analyzes the available literature on export spillovers from foreign direct investment (FDI) and their effects on domestic firms’ export activities. The purpose of this paper is to advance our knowledge of whether export spillovers from FDI exist, and if so if they differ according to the institutional context of the targeted markets (developed vs emerging markets).,Drawing from the pioneering work of Aitken et al. (1997), the authors develop a meta-analysis using a selection of 73 studies for the period 1997–2018, including a wide range of developed and emerging markets.,The meta-analysis confirms a high probability of finding positive effects when studying the different types of spillovers. The authors also show that the type of export spillover depends on the institutional context. Spillovers drive a complementary effect which generates more direct commercial links between domestic firms and foreign multinationals for advanced economies, whereas for emerging markets the nature of the spillover generates a competition/imitation effect that pressures domestic firms to be better inserted into foreign markets. In emerging markets, local governments play a fundamental role in accompanying the local industry, not only with investments in infrastructure and training of human capital but also in the configuration of an institutional environment that favors this type of indirect linkages. In developed countries, two business strategies are particularly important as catalytic axes of competitive upgrading at the international level: cooperation agreements between domestic and foreign firms and integration. These processes of concentration are necessary to compete globally, and therefore, governments should promote this type of strategies.,The study offers an original classification of the different types of spillovers based on the different channels through which MNE help local firms to improve their export performance and shows which specific spillover is associated with the different level of country development. These results have important implications in terms of theory development and managerial and policy implications.

中文翻译：

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FDI 出口溢出效应的元分析：发达市场与新兴市场

本文分析了有关外国直接投资 (FDI) 出口溢出效应及其对国内企业出口活动影响的现有文献。本文的目的是让我们进一步了解 FDI 的出口溢出效应是否存在，如果存在，它们是否会因目标市场（发达市场与新兴市场）的制度背景而异。，借鉴 Aitken 等人的开创性工作. (1997)，作者使用 1997-2018 年期间的 73 项研究进行了荟萃分析，其中包括广泛的发达和新兴市场。该荟萃分析证实，在研究不同类型的溢出。作者还表明，出口溢出的类型取决于制度背景。溢出效应产生互补效应，在发达经济体国内企业与外国跨国公司之间产生更直接的商业联系，而对新兴市场而言，溢出效应的性质产生竞争/模仿效应，迫使国内企业更好地进入国外市场。在新兴市场，地方政府在支持当地产业方面发挥着重要作用，不仅在基础设施投资和人力资本培训方面，而且在有利于这种间接联系的制度环境配置方面。在发达国家，两个商业战略作为国际层面竞争升级的催化轴尤为重要：国内外企业之间的合作协议和整合。这些集中过程是全球竞争所必需的，因此，政府应促进此类战略。,该研究根据跨国公司帮助当地企业提高出口绩效的不同渠道，对不同类型的溢出效应进行了原始分类并显示与不同国家发展水平相关的具体溢出。这些结果在理论发展以及管理和政策影响方面具有重要意义。该研究根据跨国公司帮助当地企业提高出口业绩的不同渠道，对不同类型的溢出效应进行了原始分类，并显示了哪种特定溢出效应与国家发展的不同水平相关。这些结果在理论发展以及管理和政策影响方面具有重要意义。该研究根据跨国公司帮助当地企业提高出口业绩的不同渠道，对不同类型的溢出效应进行了原始分类，并显示了哪种特定溢出效应与国家发展的不同水平相关。这些结果在理论发展以及管理和政策影响方面具有重要意义。