The Central Numic (Uto-Aztecan) dual number marking system on nouns and pronouns is of interest because even though most of the component morphemes involved in the system are reconstructible to Proto-Numic, the system itself is not. Indeed, while the reconstructible Proto-Numic system is rudimentary, the Central Numic system is robust and has expanded to the point that there are few environments where dual is not marked on equal footing with singular and plural. The Central Numic system is of further interest because it involves cycles of grammaticalization and not just a single diachronic event. This contrasts with the other two branches of Numic, Western and Southern, where the very rudimentary Proto-Numic dual number has been maintained and only minimally expanded. The tarpaper shack of Proto-Numic dual marking is now the steel-and-glass high-rise of Central Numic dual marking.

中文翻译：

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扩展到边缘：中央数字对偶数

名词和代词的 Central Numic (Uto-Aztecan) 双数字标记系统很有趣，因为即使系统中涉及的大多数组成语素都可以重构为 Proto-Numic，但系统本身却不是。事实上，虽然可重构的原始数字系统是基本的，但中央数字系统是健壮的，并且已经扩展到很少有环境没有用单数和复数标记双元。中央数字系统更令人感兴趣，因为它涉及语法化的循环，而不仅仅是一个单一的历时事件。这与 Numic、Western 和 Southern 的其他两个分支形成鲜明对比，在这些分支中，保留了非常基本的原始 Numic 对偶数，并且只进行了最低限度的扩展。